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"Perspectives on Motivation and their Dependence on Learned Motivation and
Personal Motivation”
Luis Marin Vera
MAN3025-2235-2885|Organization Management
Professor Dr. John Honore
20 May 2023
Table of Contents
Introduction
.................................................................................................................................................
1
The Hierarchy of Needs theory
..............................................................................................................
1
The Two-factor theory
..............................................................................................................................
2
Expectancy theory
......................................................................................................................................
3
Equity theory
...............................................................................................................................................
4
The Goal-setting theory
...........................................................................................................................
5
My Personal Motivation
...........................................................................................................................
6
Career Counselling
....................................................................................................................................
7
Levels of Engagement
...............................................................................................................................
8
Conclusion
....................................................................................................................................................
8
1
Introduction
Motivation is such a complex concept that it profoundly impacts our behavior,
driving us to achieve our goals and fulfill our deepest desires. Multiple theories explain
motivation. These include the hierarchy of needs, two factors, expectations, equity, and
goal-setting theories. Each theory offers unique insights into the dynamics of motivation
and provides valuable frameworks for understanding and promoting motivation in
various contexts, whether personal or organizational. The Hierarchy of Needs theory
The Hierarchy of Needs theory establishes that people have a unique hierarchy of
needs that must be met to self-actualize. The key to staying motivated is to meet the basic
needs first and work to meet the more advanced ones. Motivation is a skill that is
acquired through life experiences. Maslow (1943) first said that to get to the top of our
needs, we must first satisfy our needs at the bottom. He suggests that we all have a
hierarchy of needs, starting with our basic psychological needs and moving to higher-
level psychological needs. We must fulfill our basic needs before focusing on personal
growth and self-actualization. Maslow's (1943) concept of need satisfaction is not a
black-and-white issue. He recognized that meeting and feeling many needs at once is
possible. Maslow's initial theory suggested a step-by-step approach in which everyone
must fully satisfy one need before moving on to the next. Maslow's (1987) later writings
established the false impression his earlier claims might have given when considering an
"all or nothing" phenomenon. We must recognize that we can at once feel fulfilled in
different areas. Our needs are complex and multifaceted. We can simultaneously have
2
multiple needs at different levels of the hierarchy; just because we satisfy one need does
not mean the next one will not emerge. Maslow's clarification offers a deeper insight into
the complexities of human motivation. Hence, it is essential to prioritize our motivation
since our values and life experiences shape our priorities and the needs on which we
focus. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is not absolute truth.
The Two-factor theory
Herzberg and his colleagues (Herzberg, Mausner, & Snyderman, 1959)
introduced the two-dimensional paradigm of factors influencing motivation. Frederick
Herzberg later developed the two-factor theory (Herzberg, 1966), emphasizing the
importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors when motivating ourselves. Motivation is not
just about external factors but also refers to the internal drive and pure enjoyment we feel
when doing something that aligns with our interests, values, and personal growth, and
extrinsic motivation is about those external rewards and incentives that keep us going,
like salary, recognition, and promotions.
According to the Two-Factor Theory, as we progress in our careers, we gain a
profound insight into what truly sparks joy, satisfaction, and fulfillment in our
professional lives—discovering tasks, challenges, and responsibilities that align with our
passions and values. Gaining knowledge is crucial in shaping future expectations and
preferences. It helps identify and pursue the things that genuinely motivate them.
Everyone has their own set of unique drivers and factors that inspire and motivate them.
Intrinsic motivation is a personal key to growth. Autonomy and the pursuit of mastery are
significant drivers in life. However, some people find their drive-in external factors like
3
money, prestige, and acknowledgment. Understanding and tapping into personal
motivations to reach goals and achieve success is essential.
Personal motivation is vital to finding job satisfaction. People will have the
highest job satisfaction and engagement when they align tasks, roles, and responsibilities
with personal motivations. Conversely, they may feel dissatisfied and unhappy if their
motivations do not align with their work. Hence, finding a genuinely fulfilling career that
brings joy is essential. Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory is a paradigm shift in
motivation. It emphasizes the crucial role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in keeping us
excited and ready to go. Discovering personal motivations and preferences is vital to
staying motivated and finding satisfaction and fulfillment at work. As well as maximizing
job satisfaction and achieving professional success, align tasks and responsibilities with
personal motivations.
Expectancy theory
Expectancy theory is a motivational theory proposed by Victor Vroom (1964) that
highlights the importance of our expectations and thinking processes in driving our
motivation. This theory suggests that our drive stems from the conviction that our hard
work will yield triumphant results, ultimately leading to our coveted goals and rewards.
Learned motivation is a crucial aspect of the expectancy theory. We understand how
experiences shape our efforts, performance, and results to keep us motivated and our eyes
on the prize. Moreover, our personal goals, values, and aspirations significantly shape our
mindset toward success, powerfully influencing our expectations and preferences,
especially about what drives us.
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