wk 2 lab assignment

.docx

School

Baker College, Auburn Hills *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

S252

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by FIvestar15

AP II - Week 2 Lab Instructions Neurophysiology Activity Deliverable Points All Lab Deliverables Reflexes and General Senses Lab Exercise and Questions 30 References: 1. Saladin Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function Complete Reflexes and General Senses Lab Exercise BACKGROUND: Nervous tissue cells are divided into two categories: 1. Neurons – cells that conduct electricity 2. Neuroglia – cells that do not conduct electricity but rather function in support of neurons. The nervous system has two major divisions: 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) – the brain and spinal cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – all nervous tissue outside of the CNS The PNS can be divided into: a. Sensory nerves – afferent nerves; nerves that convey sensory information from sensory receptors INTO the CNS b. Motor nerves – efferent nerves; nerves that convey motor impulses out of the CNS to the effector muscle or glandular cell A typical neuron has three parts:  Dendrites: the main receiving or input area  Cell body (soma): which includes the nucleus and other typical cell organelles  Axon: which is typically the output part of the cell that propagates nerve impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber, or gland cell. (See image on the next page) BIOS252 Week 3 Lab Instructions (B) Page 1 of 6

Axons can be surrounded by an insulating layer of fat called the myelin sheath. The myelin not only functions to insulate the axon but to also speed up the electrical conduction of the neuron. At the end of the axon is the communication space between the neuron and the target cell called the synapse. The synapse is the site where a chemical called a neurotransmitter or an electrical current can be passed from the nerve the presynaptic cell (the nerve) to a postsynaptic cell (the target cell). BIOS252 Week 3 Lab Instructions (B) Page 2 of 6 Axon Dendrites Cell Body Neurotransmitter Synapse Postsynaptic cell Presynaptic cell

Reflexes involve a sensory receptor sending a signal up the sensory nerve to the spinal cord. The information is then integrated in the spinal cord when the signal is send from the sensory dorsal horn to the motor ventral horn. The signal will then be sent out the motor neuron to the effector cell. General Senses The two-point discrimination test. In this test you will be checking the sensitivity of two areas of skin to touch. Two-point threshold will be checked in this portion of the lab. This is the smallest distance apart that two objects can touch your skin and you perceive two different touches. Eventually, as the two touches become closer and closer together, your brain will register them as one touch. Thermoreception is the ability of the nervous system to detect a change in temperature. Free nerve endings are responsible for registering this sensation in the skin. Since these receptors are unequally distributed throughout the skin, you can use a small probe and find places on the skin that are unable to sense a change in temperature. You will use a small temperature probe, changing the temperature of the probe and testing for these distributions on the skin. You will also test for adaptation, the ability of the body to adjust to a particular sensation over time. OUTCOMES: In this lab, you will be asked to look at and describe the cellular and functional components of the nervous system. You will be able to explain how a reflex arc works. You will also be able to perform and interpret common clinical tests of the nervous system. This lab will be covering the following course outcome: CO2: Given an illustration of the nervous system, analyze its structure and function. MATERIALS:  Reflex Hammer  Aluminum temperature probe  Ink pad  Grid stamp  Monofilament BIOS252 Week 3 Lab Instructions (B) Page 3 of 6 Effector (Contraction of the muscle) Motor nerve Integration Sensory nerve Receptor

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version