Week 3 Pre-class

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School

Pennsylvania State University *

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Course

BMES341

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

1

Uploaded by MasterHerring3212

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Briefly define what principal stresses and principal angles are. Principal stresses are a specific pair of normal stress components where the transformed normal stresses are equal to the maximum and minimum normal stresses. Principle angles are the stress transformation angles which correspond to the principal stresses. When bones break, they exhibit a variety of different fracture patterns: transverse, oblique, spiral, etc. Briefly describe how stress transformations and principal stresses may (in part) explain some of these fracture patterns. Transverse fracture occurs when an external force acts directly perpendicular to the bone. The principal stress responsible for the fracture is oriented along the direction of the applied force. The bone breaks perpendicular to the applied force due to the high tensile or compressive stress in that direction. Oblique fracture happens when the applied force is at an angle to the bone. Stress transformation results in both normal and shear stresses. The fracture occurs at an angle because of the combination of principal normal stresses and shear stresses acting on the bone. Spiral fracture exhibits a twisting or helical pattern, and the fracture pattern typically occurs when a torsional force, such as twisting or rotating a bone, is applied. In this case, stress transformation generates significant shear stresses along with the principal normal stresses, resulting in a spiral fracture pattern along the bone. What are the characteristics of a linear elastic material? Directly proportional relationship between stress and strain Small strains (infinitesimal strain) assumption Linear superposition Briefly describe one way you could apply something you learned in the pre-class materials to your personal or professional life. Please be as specific as possible. One way to apply the knowledge from the video lesson on Hooke's Law and linear elasticity to my professional life is in the professional field is using the concepts of Hooke's Law to analyze and select materials for specific applications. By understanding how stress and strain are related through the elastic modulus (E) and how Poisson's ratio (ν) affects the material's response to deformation, I can make informed decisions when choosing materials for various engineering projects. This knowledge will help ensure that the materials I select can withstand the required loads and deformations within specified limits, contributing to the success and safety of the projects I'm involved in. What is one question you would like answered during class this week? Explain the other relevant material properties, such as the shear modulus, bulk modulus, or Lamé’s first parameter, and when they might be more appropriate than the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio
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