Introduction

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Simon Fraser University *

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100

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Medicine

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by PrivateHedgehog1431

Introduction Have you ever thought about a Cardiac Surgeon operating on a beating heart without even opening the patient’s chest? Or a flexible robot that could maneuver and navigate through the complex branching of blood vessels or bronchi in the lungs and perform surgery at its tips? Surprisingly enough, these types of technology exist today, and many are coming up. Medical robots are improving daily; as each day passes, we engineers learn new facts and try to implement that to make the future of the medical industry brighter [1]. I want to shine a light on this topic and convince people that robots belong in the medical industry and are capable of supporting and staying by our side, giving us the advantage of better outcomes so that surgeons can operate more confidently. I want to put across the pros and cons of robot use in the medical scene and discuss upcoming technologies and how they will affect the future of the medical industry in a good way. There’s always been considerable controversy about whether medical robots should be used or not. Medical robots are changing how surgical procedures are performed; robots are nowhere near what a human can do but can surely do some things much better than humans. Even though there may stand certain risk factors to using this technology, maturing the use of this technology can enlighten the future of our health and save people’s lives. Robots are used in many medical industry sectors, including Neurology, Orthopedics, General Laparoscopy, Steerable Catheters, and Radiosurgery; these are just a few technologies that are making a difference already. The robots are a guidance tool that provides information to the surgeons while keeping them engaged and on target [2]. The robotic medical industry

has just been growing; from only a few initial brain surgeries, orthopedics, endoscopic surgery, and other areas, the field has expanded exponentially, with them being used in almost every hospital. The physical design for medical robots will keep improving while dropping the expense by a hefty bit, leading to more hospitals using these technologies [2][3]. Medical robotics is changing the way surgeons perform surgeries; thanks to the advancement of technology, medical instruments are now more than capable of imitating and enhancing surgeons while having outcomes with minimal errors. In the early stages of medical robotics, the rigid structural models gave the robot developers a good platform. Those early robot designs navigated engineers toward better advancements, which led the industry toward flexible robots, making the machine more fluent and trustable. By using these high-tech machinery, robotic systems could decrease invasive procedures for patients [4][5]. Area of controversy All technologies have some limitations, but we must find a way to overcome that; in this case, the surgeon must have a good grasp on operating on patients using this type of machine since the patient’s life are at stake; also, the developing companies have a responsibility to make the technologies with little to no errors. There are many improvements to make, and if we get too stuck on only the adverse events, moving forward will become a massive obstacle for the medical industry and robot developers. The controversy lies in whether medical robotics should be a permanent part of the health industry or not. Different people have their own opinion on it, and most of them are against it because they believe that robots cannot be more accurate than

Humans, which is not, in fact, accurate, and I have talked in depth about that in this paper. Questions about robotics revolve around unresolved questions about autonomy, responsibility, empathy, trust, moral agency, and medical robots' social and economic impacts [6]. From this paper, I want to gain people’s confidence in using robots in the medical industry as it could be for the betterment of future generations; as more diseases appear, having these technologies by our side could change peoples’ lives. History of Medical robots The history of medical robots has come a long way; in the early 1980s, medical robots were introduced. Since then, this industry has been growing to this day and has made extreme improvements and is improving daily [7]. Today, medical robots are well known for carrying out surgeries, specifically using robots, computers, and software to precisely manage surgical equipment and assist surgeons with more complicated procedures [8]. Medical robots are computerized consoles that include single or multiple arms being operated on the patient. All the information is pre-programmed into the robot before the beginning of the surgery, which then facilitates the medical robots to traverse the human body correctly [7]. Robotic minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) have transformed for over 35 years. They had three stages: Stage 1: Industrial robots for surgery applications, Stage 2: Minimal invasive surgery (MIS), and Stage 3: Next generation. The first surgical robot, the PUMA 560, was introduced and designed in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) guidance for

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