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B I O L O G Y 11-? L A B O R A T O R Y EXERCISE Name: J u a n C a n b a v E e o € Lab Day: M T W Th F Table / Group Number: s c o C A R D I O V A S C U L A R A N D R E S P I R A T O R Y S Y S T E M S Objectives: At the end of this lab, students should be able to: 1. Determine heart rate, pulse rate and blood pressure using the proper equipment. 2. Explain the c o n n e c t i o n between heart contraction, pulse and blood pressure. 3. Determine your t a r g e t heart rate and recovery index. 4. Define the abbreviation ?FEV1? and understand its importance in understanding your respiratory health. Activity 1: The A n a t o m y of the Heart T h e heart is a four-chambered muscular pump whose contractions create pressure to move the blood through the blood vessels. Blood flows into the atria of the heart through veins (the venae cavae bring blood to the right atrium and the pulmonary veins bring blood to the left atrium). Blood that enters the atria flows through the atrioventricular valves (AV valves) into the v e n t r i c l e s . The ventricles contract at a regular rhythm squeezing and pushing the blood out into the arteries through the semilunar valves. The valves keep the blood moving in one direction and prevent back flow. A thick wall, the septum, separates the right and left sides. Blood from the right ventricle flows through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, while blood from the left ventricle flows through the aorta to all parts of the body. A heart beat is one contraction of the heart. a. Explain the purpose o f the heart. . The hear kk M a i n f u n c t i o n & t e power t h e e n t i r e eircvlato } A t o t r a n s p o r t : m i e n CS om aan, W a s t e , hea td, and I n m u n g ceUs t h r o v e @ bo ?

Heart structures and path of blood through the heart a. Label the heart structures below: Right atrium . Left atrium Aorta Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Ainf. Vena Cava Right Atrioventricular valve Pulmonary veins (2) J Pulmonary arteries (2) ? /Sup. Vena Cava L e f t A t r i o v e n t r i c u l a r v a l v e b. On the diagram below trace the path of the blood through the heart by numbering the blood vessels, heart chambers and valves in proper sequence. c. Start with #1, the veins leading from the body to the heart. m h t A t v t o v e n t t w l a l Va 4 i S ] N Kl xg ? DUP, Vina Cava : - f h o v t a | phar fA (hevies / Pulmona Atenesl 4 ] H \ i a > anne Jolt 3 Vulnona vind \ | fF | U4 i g h t Atrium ulmoner a l y Gliviscupid Valve 1 | e t . Vena Gove Figure 1. Diagram of the Human Heart. b. How many valves does the heart have? Y> - a o r t i c v a l v e . p y l m o n a v y v y a l v 2 - t r i c e r o i d ? y a l v e Rev: Sp18 9 - 2 12/20/22

e a e baicknrard Flow, ot blood. ry artery, where does it go? C A v r i e s b l o o d F r o m y b v e n t r i c l e l v e veREN Chambers of tne h e a r k ,ective blood retumi A r a 2 l o w e r ohambe ys o f the h e a r t , Sends blood gyt t . h e ' f. The muscle cells of the heart need fe i i rong, AS w e e or contraction. How do these cells obtain oxygen? T h e happens i f they do not get oxygen? - h e h e a V E L U R S 6 f > L u n c t i o n p r o p e r \ IE d h e nN f u e v r e c N o t F ] R C e i v e 0 Y Y avk C n d i t i o n g Known as resyocar HY A c t i v i t y 2 : H e a r t S o u n d s . H e a r t v a l v e s p r o d u c e s o u n d s t r r e n u . S e r t o y s T h e "normal" s o u n d s are produced by the closing of the valves. Look at the heart diagram ?on t h e previous page, find the valves and notice their locations and structure. a. The atrioventricular valves: 1, Where are they located? . B l y a t r i a & v e n t r i c l e s . 2. Blood flows through these valves in what direction? (from where to where) n t D i r e c t i o n : f r o m a t r i q t o t h e v e n t r i c l e s . b. The pulmonary and aortic (semilunar) valves: 1. Where are they located? | - P u l m o n a r y , V o h v e ? A o r t i c v a l w e 2. Blood flows through these valves in what direction? (from where to where) I n a D i r e c t i o n : A w a n . f r o m t h e h e a r t ; (Prevents b a c k f l o w into ?fre v e n t r i c l e s when heart & a t rest) o ? . . . ly? c. Describe one problem that would occur in the heart if the valves fail to close proper. R e y y r g i t a t i o r m (cavse p o o l t e F l o w b a c k w a r d i n d a n ? W U d i n t e t o n ) . Rev: Sp18 9 - 3 p a w

Listening to y o u r own heart Obtain a stethoscope and listen to your own heart. The instrument must ? be placed directly against the skin. You should be able to distinguish two CG, heart sounds: First Sound: When the ventricle begins contracting (ventricular systole) the atrioventricular valves Snap shut. This closing produces a low- pitched sound, the "lub" sound. d. Explain what causes the atrioventricular valves to close when the ventricles contract. ? I n c r e a s e d v e n t v i c u l a r p r e s s u v e C v e n t r i c u l a v s y s t o l e ) ? P r e s c u v e d i t e e n e n b a | . - V a l v e e l o c u r e a e. Explain what causes the pulmonary and aortic (se contract. VOM olay Contraction Sys bol ?Pum b l o o d o u t of t h e i n t o t h e g v i m e n a y y ) av xe at aorta ? I n c r e a s e d V t a t i c s \ a v . e r e V e if o r c e Blood i n t o P a - O r A b o y t a * P r e a c v v e g r a d i t a n k O y G e n valves to open when the ventricles 2 ) : 4 i S e c o n d S o u n d : W h e n t h e v e ( s e m i l u n a r ) v a l v e s c l o s e . f. The closing o f the pulmonary and aortic (semilunar) valves produces a sound, the Explain what causes these valves to close when the ventricles relax. * D e c r e a s i v e n t r i W l a v p r e s s u r e 2 ( d i a s t o ( g e a ~PrescureO e d o r e n t AL Pressuve d r o ps b e l o n t h e x ?NYaWwe Clocue: ntricles begin to relax (diastole), the pulmonary and aortic "dub" sound. i n s ) ure i n P a : O W adrtea ( p t h Cy yy 4 . o O F g. Explain what causes the atrioventricular valves to open when the ventricles relax. R é s p o n s e t o t h a n t e s j r p r e s s u n d w i i r t n e h e a r d , - V e r t r i g s l a y r e l a O v ( d i a g t e l e ) You should n o w be able to distinguish the typical "lub, dub" sounds of the heart. These t w o sounds should b e ?crisp?. A n y "slurring or lisping" of the sounds are called murmurs. h. Explain what causes a heart murmur. ?Turbulent bteod Flow w i n the heart or bleed! vessels. Heavt m w r m u r s ocqus When there's v a l v u l a r problem s involving, the heart valves. (Stenes;s G Res a i t a t i o n ) i. Explain the significance of a heart murmur. ° l a n e c e n t m u r m u r s : (letHle v i s L o n c e r n ) Porte Lowica | w i i m u r s : h e a r t p r o b l e m s ( s e o v s ) Rev: Sp18 9 - 4 12/20/22