Supplemental Chapter 7 Assignments

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Supplemental Chapter 7 Assignments CHAPTER 7: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Terminology The terms below come from the chart note Impetigo that follows. Use a medical dictionary such as Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, the appendices of the textbook, or other resources to define each term. Review the pronunciations for each term and practice by reading the chart note aloud. 1. acute (ă-KŪT) – severe, sudden, onset 2. appendectomy (ăp-ĕn-DĔK-tō-mē) – surgery to remove the appendix when infected 3. appendicitis (ă-pĕn-dĭ-SĪ-tĭs) – inflammation of the appendix 4. borborygmus (bōr-bō-RĬG-mŭs) – rumbling in stomach 5. cutaneous (kū-TĀ-nē-ŭs) – pertaining to the skin 6. epigastric (ĕp-ĭ-GĂS-trĭk) – upper middle area of the abdomen 7. febrile (FĒ-brĭl) – fever symptoms 8. fecalith (FĒ-kă-lĭth) – hard mass of fecal matter 9. hyperemesis (hī-pĕr-ĔM-ĕ-sĭs) – severe vomiting 10. hyperesthesia (hī-pĕr-ĕs-THĒ-zē-ă) – excessive physical sensitivity 11. leukocytosis (loo-kō-sī-TŌ-sĭs) – increase in the number of WBCs 12. McBurney point – lower RQ of abdomen with appendix pain 13. obstipation (ŏb-stĭ-PĀ-shŭn) – severe constipation 14. peritonitis (pĕr-ĭ-tō-NĪ-tĭs) – inflammation of the peritoneum 15. stool guaiac (GWĪ-ăk) – test that checks for hidden blood in the stool 16. tachycardic (tăk-ē-KĂR-dĭk) – relating to rapid heart beat 17. umbilicus (ŭm-BĬL-ĭ-kŭs) – belly button

Chart Note: Acute Appendicitis This 33-year-old male is seen in the ED with a complaint of abdominal pain with intermittent obstipation for 4 days. The pain began in the epigastric region, migrated to the umbilicus, and is now in the right lower quadrant. He states symptoms had resolved somewhat by the third day but today he is experiencing hyperemesis and the pain has worsened. He denies any dysuria. No appendectomy in past medical history. Patient is febrile with a T of 102°F and tachycardic with a pulse of 118. CBC shows leukocytosis with WBC count at 14,000. U/A, liver function tests, and electrolytes are within normal limits. There is mild abdominal distention and no borborygmus. The patient exhibits guarding and rigidity during the physical exam. Positive for rebound tenderness at McBurney point. There is cutaneous hyperesthesia lateral to the umbilicus extending to the right lower quadrant. Stool guaiac is negative. Patient expresses right-sided tenderness during rectal exam. Impression: 1. Acute appendicitis. 2. Rule out fecalith. 3. Rule out appendiceal perforation. 4. Rule out peritonitis. Chart Note Analysis Select the term in the above chart note that means: 1. inflammation of the peritoneum: peritonitis 2. severe constipation: obstipation 3. elevated white blood cell count: leukocytosis 4. test to detect hidden blood in stool: Stool guaiac 5. excessive vomiting: hyperemesis 6. having a sudden onset: acute 7. gurgling or rumbling sound from the large intestine: borborygmus 8. fecal concretion (hardened mass of feces): fecalith 9. middle region located above the stomach: epigastric 10. inflammation of the appendix: appendicitis

Clinical Applications Complete the clinically related sentences by selecting a medical term from the list below. antiemetic dysentery polypectomy ascites GERD volvulus cholangiography hernioplasty diverticulitis jaundice 1. This 55-year-old obese male patient is seen with a complaint of left upper quadrant pain and constipation. Abdominal radiograph shows an accumulation of feces in the transverse colon with a twisting of a segment of the descending colon. This twisting of the colon is a condition known as a(n) ___________volvulus_______________. 2. A 23-year-old male is seen with a complaint of fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping for 2 days. He says the symptoms began several hours after drinking stream water while camping in the mountains. The physician suspects that Joe has a condition caused by a bacteria or other parasite and diagnoses him with ___________dysentery_______________. 3. Marlene is a 29-year-old female who presents with a complaint of a pain that begins in her chest, spreads to her throat, and causes a bitter taste in her mouth. Her physician suspects she has a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter allowing a backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. This condition is known as ____________GERD____________. 4. This 63-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. The physician percusses the abdomen and determines that there is an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The term for accumulation of fluid within the abdomen is _______ascites_________. 5. While performing a sigmoidoscopy, the physician observes several small, tumor-like projections within the sigmoid colon and rectum. A biopsy is performed to rule out malignancy. The physician excises these growths using the surgical procedure known as a _____polypectomy________. 6. This 44-year-old male presents with a complaint of upper abdominal pain that is worsened after meals. Palpation of the abdomen causes an extreme degree of tenderness. To rule out gallstones, a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium is ordered. This procedure is known as a _____________cholangiography_____________. 7. Jeannie is a 6-year-old girl brought in by her mother with complaints of diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. The physician prescribes an antidiarrheal and administers an ______antiemetic__________, which is a medication to help control the vomiting. 8. Ms. E. is a 32-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use. She tests positive for hepatitis B. This chronic disease is causing a yellow discoloration of the skin and the sclerae of her eyes. Yellowing of the skin and eyes is a condition called _________jaundice____________. 9. After a routine colonoscopy, the patient is advised that he has numerous inflamed bulging pouches throughout his descending colon. This diverticular disease is known as _______diverticulitis___________. 10. Robert presents with an inguinal hernia. To correct the abnormality, a surgical repair of the hernia will be performed. This surgery is called ___________hernioplasty_______________.

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