Review Sheet for PHIL 111 Exam 1
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Purdue University *
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Philosophy
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Feb 20, 2024
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Review Sheet for Exam #1 Phil 111-Kain Spring 2023 The first exam will occur in class on Tuesday, January 31, 2023 at 1:30PM. Unless you must quarantine or have a DRC appointment we will expect you to take the exam in class that day. Blue books will be provided
. You will have the entire 50-minute class period to compose your responses.
No notes, books, or collaboration with others will be allowed during the exam.
The exam will consist of several short answer questions (terms, identification questions, true/false, and/or multiple- choice questions) worth about 50 points and one essay question worth about 50 points. Terms for short answer section
:
(pay special attention to the relationship between contrasting terms) Socrates: -
Justice creates unanimity & friendship
-
Injustice breeds divisions and animosities -
Justice is a virtue of the soul: managing, ruling, deliberating Results: “ I know nothing; for while I do not know what justice is, I am little likely to know whether it is in fact a virtue or not Justice is the interest of the stronger Ring of Gyges:
Argument: A set of statements (or propositions) such that one of the statements is supposed to be supported by the others.
Premise: A statement in an argument that is intended to help support the conclusion.
Conclusion: The statement in an argument that is supposed to be supported by the premise.
Deductive argument:
An argument in which the truth of the premises is supposed to guarantee the truth of the conclusions
NOTE: Must be valid or invalid
Validity: An argument a is VALID just in case a is such that the (supposed truth of a
’s conclusion
NOTE: Must be valid or invalid
If a is valid, it is impossible for all of a
’s premises to be true while a
’s conclusion false. soundness
inductive argument
descriptive cultural relativism (DCR) normative cultural relativism (NCR) “consequences” of NCR
the cultural differences argument objections to the cult diff argument Rachels’ arg that some values are shared moral epistemology
moral ontology
theological voluntarism
strong theological voluntarism antivoluntarism Euthyphro
argument from STV
argument against STV
John Duns Scotus
the “treasure hunt” analogy
partial reasons v. complete reasons natural law
two tables
Marcus’s “EASE”
Plato*s arg for “ethical experts” Cheryl’s objections to relativism Essay
The exam will include one of the following essay topics (instructor’s choice).
(Since the essay is worth about half of the points on this exam, you might estimate that a good essay could take about 25-30 minutes of
writing.) 1) In a well-organized essay, explain descriptive cultural relativism (DCR) and
normative cultural relativism (NCR) and the difference between them, consider why NCR might undermine ethics, and then present and evaluate
the case for NCR. Explain and evaluate the cultural differences argument for NCR. Is this argument good? Why or why not? 2) In a well-organized essay, explain the position known as strong theological
voluntarism (STV) and how it appears to call philosophical ethics into question. Explain and evaluate significant reasons for and against accepting STV. Does the argument against STV show that God’s will can have no relevance for ethics? Explain why or why not.
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