week 2 report

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Bryant & Stratton College *

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Course

137

Subject

Philosophy

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

5

Uploaded by LieutenantGoat2382

1 In this report, I will explain the meaning of inductive and deductive reasoning. In the graph above, the audience can see how they differ from one another. What is inductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning is a type of reasoning where specific observations or evidence are used to make general conclusions or predictions. It involves moving from specific instances to broader generalizations. In other words, inductive reasoning uses examples or evidence to support a probable or likely conclusion, but it does not guarantee absolute certainty like deductive reasoning does. An example of inductive reasoning is: Sound Valid Unsound Deductive Invalid Argument Strong Inductive Weak
2 Nala is an orange cat and she purrs loudly. Every orange cat I’ve met purrs loudly. All orange cats purr loudly. What is deductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning is a type of reasoning where general principles or premises are used to reach a specific conclusion. It involves moving from broad generalizations to more specific conclusions. In deductive reasoning, if the premises are true and the reasoning is valid, then the conclusion must also be true. It is a more structured and logical form of reasoning compared to inductive reasoning. An example of deductive reasoning is: All cats have a keen sense of smell. Fluffy is a cat. So, Fluffy has a keen sense of smell. With deductive reasoning, an appropriate situation would be a university offering a scholarship for students who meet specific criteria, such as having a minimum GPA, participating in community service, and demonstrating leadership skills. In this case, deductive reasoning would be appropriate. The university can apply the established criteria to each applicant and determine their eligibility based on those specific requirements.
3 However, an inappropriate situation would be where someone tries to predict the weather for an entire year based on a single day's weather observation. This would not be an appropriate use of deductive reasoning. Weather patterns are complex and influenced by various factors, such as atmospheric conditions, climate patterns, and geographical location. Relying solely on one day's weather to make predictions for an entire year would not provide accurate results. An appropriate situation for inductive reasoning would be a marketing team conducting research to understand consumer preferences for a new product. They collect data from a representative sample of consumers through surveys, interviews, and focus groups. By analyzing the gathered data, they can identify patterns and trends, allowing them to make general conclusions about the larger population's preferences. Inductive reasoning is appropriate here because it helps to draw broader conclusions based on specific observations. An inappropriate situation would be a new medication is being tested on a single individual, and based on their positive experience, it is concluded that the medication is effective for everyone. This would not be an appropriate use of inductive reasoning. Individual responses to medications can vary greatly due to factors such as genetics, underlying health conditions, and other medications being taken. To determine the effectiveness of a medication, it is crucial to conduct rigorous clinical trials involving a diverse group of participants. In conclusion, both inductive and deductive reasoning play important roles in our everyday lives. Deductive reasoning allows us to apply specific criteria or rules to reach specific conclusions, which is helpful in situations where clear criteria are established. On the other hand, inductive reasoning helps us make general conclusions based on specific observations, which is useful when we want to understand patterns or trends in a larger population. By understanding the
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