Philosophy Exam Reveiw 8

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Lone Star College System, North Harris *

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1301

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Philosophy

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Oct 30, 2023

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Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x 1. Plato's republic Socratic dialogue written by Plato 375 BC Greece 2. Plato's apology The apology of socrates written by plato, socratic dialogue 3. Plato's cave 1. Part of the republic 2. Based on a discussion from his brother, Glacon, and socrates 3. Men live under a cave 4. The men represent us as thinkers 5. The only light comes from the passage way above 6. the prisoners are chained so they cannot move or see 7. when they talk, they think it's their shadows 8. objects pass through the passageway with fire behind to reflect images 9. the objects represent the ideas of reality 10. the objects are of men and animals to create a story 11. the prisoners cannot make connections because they are entrapped to their reality 12. one prisoner is freed and the light burns his eyes 13. as he gets closer, he wants to turn away from the light 14. he slowly adjusts to true reality 15. he starts making connections to the above world 16. he feels sorry for his fellow prisoners 17. he is forced back in the cave 18. the darkness hurts and he misses the above 19. the prison represents reality from our eyes 20. the light represents the reality of others 21. the climb up represents the ascent into the domain of true knowledge 4. Plato's Crito about socrates death sentence and morality escape 5. Plato's Euthy- phro about holiness 6. Plato's Thrasy- machus about justice 7. Platonic forms 1 / 17

Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x Asserts that the physical world is only a shadow or image of the frye reality. The forms are abstract, perfect, and unchanging concepts that transcend time and space. - why there is order and structure in the world - pre existing knowledge of a perfect form - i.e the form of a chair 8. Personifica- tion/Anthropo- morphism something not human is given a human identity 9. Three divisions of philosophy epistemology metaphysic ethics 10. epistemology Knowledge 11. Metaphysics ideas outside human perception 12. Ethics morality 13. Group think Irving Janis - 1971 when a group of people make decisions based on others opinion rather than their own to conform 14. Prince Book by machiavelli written 1513 published 1532 after his death about power 15. Plato SPA, Greek, The republic, 428/27 BC, Socratic dialogues, platonic forms 16. Jean Paul Sarte Modern French philosophers 17. Bertrand Russell english philosopher, wrote the value of philosophy, be- lieved philosophers develop and change overtime 18. Al Fabari The virtuous city 19. Avicenna the book of healing 2 / 17

Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x 20. John Locke + Rousseau social contract 21. Machiavelli and his political ideas Born May 3, 1469 in Florence Italy Attended University of florence In 1513 he was imprisoned and tortured Wrote the Prince in 1513 Wrote an expose of the republican rule masquerading as a commentary on roman republic work died 1527 believes that only proper application of power can people obey and have safety and stability a wise ruler should never keep faith when by doing so it would be against us interests better to be feared than loved 22. St Thomas more Wrote Utopia and said that a humanist is one who studies human nature, interests, and values. 23. St Thomas Au- gustin A north African scholar, Catholic theologian, and philoso- pher, built on stoicism in his books. He was born 354 - 430 CE 24. Who was Aver- roes Arabic Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) 25. Who was St Thomas Aquinas Italian Philosopher and theologian Catholic 1225-1274 26. Shri Mad- hvacharya Indian Hindu philosopher (1238-1317) 27. William of Oc- cam English Philosopher (1288-1348) Embraced Fideism (the view that the belief in god is a matter of faith alone) 28. What two ideas were popular Neoplatonism and humanism 3 / 17

Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x during the re- naissance period 29. What is the fa- mous quote by Rene Descartes I think therefore I am 30. two philoso- phers during the early modern pe- riod Thomas Hobbes and blaise Pascal 31. Late modern pe- riod philosopher Gottfried Leibniz (German, mathematician) 32. Inductive rea- soning specific to general conclusions that are probably true 33. deductive rea- soning general to specific conclusions that are divinity true. Examples hypothetical, categorical, disjunctive 34. Abductive rea- soning probable conclusions 35. Valid reasoning conclusions logically followed by a premise 36. invalid reasoning conclusion does not logically follow the premise 37. Categorical syl- logism two premises, one conclusion, three terms All I are M, all P are I, therefore all P are M Example All ideas exist only in our minds, all things we perceive are ideas, therefore all things we perceive are only in our minds. 38. 4 / 17

Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x Disjunctive syl- logism two premises, one conclusion, one premise is a disjunc- tive statement while the other is denial. Either r or s, not r, therefore s Example Either it is raining or the sprinklers are on, it is not raining, therefore the sprinklers are on 39. Hypothetical syl- logism hypothetical or conditional argument, opens with an an- tecedent and followed with a consequent If P then Q, therefore P/therefore not Q Example If it is sunny, then it is a beautiful day. Therefore beautiful days are sunny 40. Law of non con- tradiction Nothing can be said to be and not to be at the same time and in the same respect 41. proposition a statement considered to be true or false... Questions and commands are not propositions 42. Sir Francis Ba- con - Idols of the mind idols of the mind (biases to all humans) Idols of the cave (biases to individuals) idols of the tribe (ill-defined or ambiguous words) idols of the theatre (arising from thoughts systems) 43. ad hominem 5 / 17

Philosophy Exam Reveiw Study online at https://quizlet.com/_df7o3x dismissing a statement without actually proving its false (Thats stupid) 44. Ad lapidem attacking the person rather then the argument (Youre stupid) 45. Appeal to author- ity gaining support by citing a incompetent authority figure (my mom says...) 46. Appeal to num- bers gaining acceptance by using the support of many people (Most people agree with me) 47. Appeal to people appealing to emotion (people would be upset if you said that) 48. Begging the question proving a conclusions true by assuming the conclusions true (The Bible is the Word of God because the Bible says it is the Word of God) 49. Cultural fallacy taking ones culture as the standard of good (In the US we do it this way) 50. Logical fallacies makes argument less effective and convincing 51. Fallacy of statis- tics misapplying stats to a single situation (20% of people win something in the lottery so I should by 5 tickets and win) 52. Posioning the well attacking the argument using bias (Youre just saying that because youre a girl) 6 / 17

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