deep Analysis

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Western Michigan University *

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2200

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Philosophy

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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1. On page 82 of your Understanding Arguments text is the first exercise set ("Exercise 1"). Please do questions 1-5. (5 marks) Put the following arguments into standard form and omit anything that does not affect the validity of the argument or the truth of its premises: 1. Philadelphia is rich in history, but it is not now the capital of the United States, so the U.S. Congress must meet somewhere else. Philadelphia is not now the capital of the United States. The United States Congress must meet somewhere else. 2. Not everybody whom you invited is going to come to your party. Some of them won’t come. So this room should be big enough. Not everybody whom you invited is going to come to your party. This room should be big enough. 3. I know that my wife is at home, since I just called her there and spoke to her. We talked about our dinner plans. I just called my wife at home and spoke to her. 4. I’m not sure, but Joseph is probably Jewish. Hence, he is a rabbi if he is a member of the clergy. Joseph is probably Jewish. If Joseph is a member of the clergy, then he is a rabbi. 5. Some students could not concentrate on the lecture, because they did not eat lunch before class, although I did. Some students did not eat lunch before class. Those students could not concentrate on the lecture. 2. A-3 B-5

C- 2 D-1 E- 4 3. . On page 101 of your text is "Exercise IX". Please do questions 1-5. (5 marks) The following arguments depend for their validity on suppressed premises of various kinds. For each of them, list enough suppressed premises to make the argument valid and also to show why it is valid. This might require several suppressed premises of various kinds. example: Carol has no sisters, because all her siblings are brothers. suppressed Premises: A sister would be a sibling. A brother is not a sister. 1. Britney Spears is under age thirty-five. Therefore, she cannot run for president of the United States. Suppressed premise: One must be at least thirty-five to run for president of the United States. 2. Nixon couldn’t have been president in 1950 because he was still in the Senate. Suppressed premise: One cannot be both president and in the Senate at the same time. 3. 81 is not a prime number, because 81 is divisible by 3. Suppressed premises: The definition of a prime number is a number that is evenly divisible only by 1 and itself. 3 is neither 1 nor 81. 4. There’s no patient named Rupert here; we have only female patients. Suppressed premise: Rupert is a name given only to males. 5. Columbus did not discover the New World because the Vikings explored Newfoundland centuries earlier. Suppressed premise: In order to be considered the discoverer of a location, one must be the first to explore it.

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