Reforming OSAP: Making Education More Affordable for Students

Cassandra Nascimento Corinne Wall Josie Shantz Kiera Grant-Sedore Megan Bowen Reegan Chinchilla Cost of living for students. Changing OSAP to help people who need it afford it. https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/education-funding

Identification Corinne • Students in Canada cannot afford to live and go to school • As the cost of living rises, the affordability for students in full-time school becomes more difficult • Grants and Loans through OSAP and scholarships are not accessible for students What is the issue? • Address the issues by enhancing the accessibility of OSAP grants, and scholarships for students • Broaden the eligibility criteria for student applicants for fair and equal access What is our solution?

Interactive Corinne • https://lakeheaduca-my.sharepoint.com/:p:/g /personal/cawall_lakeheadu_ca/ERS1OS_UwE9Cq op2O7FvNkEB9N99LIS__XQZeectkXB_Og?e=oRs6Vg

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Policy Formulation Kiera Who participated in the policy formulation? • Big Corporations, Post-Secondary Institutions, Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities (They run OSAP), Provincial and Federal Governments (They fund OSAP) Multiple Perspectives • Start with voluntary involvement or incentives for companies. • Average taxpayers would want to make sure they aren't being taxed more. • Students who have more financial help from home may feel like they deserve more. https://projects.thestar.com/canadas-corporations-pay-less-tax-than-you- think/

Policy Purpose • Vision: education is a fundamental right and should not be dependent on one's ability to pay. We do this by reforming OSAP and overall making education more affordable • Expectations: to ensure that all students have the possibility to access higher education despite their socioeconomic background • We also expect to reduce the financial burden and stress of students and their families by providing more financial assistance. Reegan https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/corporate/reports/evalu ations/2021-student-loans-evaluation.html https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/corporate/reports/eval uations/2021-student-loans-evaluation.html

Welfare approaches • Having a safety net for students who may face unexpected financial burdens or challenges. • Ensure that the people who need the most financial support receive the most financial support. • Continuously monitor and assess the policy depending on feedback and effectiveness. • Having an outreach program to help spread awareness and inform those who need these financial aid opportunities. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/corporate/reports/evaluations/2021-student -loans-evaluation.html Reegan

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To start off... Please look down at the whiteboard! • What's the point? • The stick figure on the board represents a student that is struggling to afford post- secondary education. Based on your location in the room, it impacts your ability to see this person. Social location matters! • This proves the need for a values analysis, determining how our policy is going to help people change their perspective to help post-secondary students. Megan

Values Analysis Megan Inclusion: • Enhancing support and accessibility for students of diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. • Modifying OSAP qualifications for greater inclusivity. Equity: • Providing equal opportunities for students from various income backgrounds. • Re-evaluating loan payment criteria to & "level the playing field" Social Justice: • Ensuring equal opportunities for all students, regardless of financial circumstances or systemic barriers. • Addressing the needs of marginalized groups, people with disabilities, and indigenous communities to broaden educational opportunities.

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Going back to the whiteboard now… I will need a volunteer! • What's the point? • When the person who volunteered spoke for the first time, most of the room could not hear them. The second time, more people could though. The last time however got the most recognition. • When the voices of who needs help are amplified, the government can recognize that change needs to be made.

Implementation • Legislative amendments to the tax code with progressive corporate tax rate hikes. • Implementation of transparent revenue collection mechanisms and a dedicated higher education fund. Josie https://www.cmec.ca/299/education-in-canada-an-overview/index.html

Impact & Accountability • Regular audits/financial assessments for accountability and publicly available reports to • Promote transparency. • Metrics for impact assessment: students benefiting, educational access, affordability, and research productivity. • Independent expert panel for policy effectiveness evaluation and recommendations. Advantages: • No additional taxation on individuals while Corporations invest in future employees. • Reducing tax rate disparity between individuals and corporations. Disadvantages: • Possible increase in product costs and the risk of tax avoidance strategies. Josie

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Article Summary Cassandra

Closing Remarks Students need more support from the government and large corporations. “education is a fundamental right and should not be dependent on one's ability to pay” we can implement welfare approaches to ensure the inclusion of all and invest into our society by allowing a wider variety of people access to post-secondary education. Reegan

References • Canada, E. and S. D. (2022, April 25). Government of Canada . Canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/corporate/reports/evaluations/2021-student-loans-evaluation.html • Oved, M. C., Heaps, T. A. A., & Yow, M. (2017, December 14). The high cost of low corporate taxes . thestar.com. https://projects.thestar.com/canadas-corporations-pay-less-tax-than-you-think/ • Council of Ministers of Education, Canada . CMEC. (n.d.). https://www.cmec.ca/299/education-in-canada-an-overview/index.html • CBC News. (2022). Students struggle with paying for tuition, basic living expenses. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpENfdP2LlE . • Franziska Felder, The Value of Inclusion, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 52, Issue 1, February 2018, Pages 54–70, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.12280 • Matwick, A. L., & Woodgate, R. L. (2017). Social Justice: A Concept Analysis. Public Health • Nursing (Boston, Mass.), 34(2), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12288 • Ovid, N. (2023, September 5). Posthaste: Canadian students giving up necessities, goals to pursue post-secondary education. Financial Post. https://financialpost.com/news/canadian-students-necessities-goals-post-secondary-education#:~:text=They%20believe%2C%20on%20average%2C%20that,necessities%20to%20 make%20ends%20meet . • PwC Network. (2023, June 15). Canada Corporate - Taxes on corporate income. Corporate -Taxes on corporate income. https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/canada/corporate/taxescorporate-income • Schwartz, J., & Winship, C. (1980). The Welfare Approach to Measuring Inequality. • Sociological Methodology, 11, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/270858

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