Ethics Assignment 4 Module 4

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Bethune Cookman University *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Assignment 4 Module 4 1. KANT’S MORAL THEORY. What does Kant mean by a priori, duty, maxim and Categorical Imperative, moral worth and Hypothetical Imperative? The term "priori" is frequently used in the field of philosophy, and epistemology. This phrase refers to the study of the meaning of knowing something specific. A priori justification is a sort of epistemic defense that is unconnected to experience in certain aspects. Since Immanuel Kant's time, a priori knowledge, when compared to posteriori knowledge, that is obtained from experience, has been alluded to as knowledge that is learned without any specific expertise. Some responsibilities, according to Kant, are impregnable. These are pledges to do types of activities. This is what Kant calls a categorical imperative: an act must be carried out because it belongs to a certain category. Kant maintains that as a result, we must act ethically. Duty, according to Kant, differs from obligation in the sense that it is driven purely by one's own internal impulses. We behave willingly when we believe it is the correct thing to do. Each of our behaviors, according to Kant, reflects one or more maxims. One feels they are doing things in conformity with the maxim of the act. In lacking a clearly articulated philosophy, a maxim captures the guiding principle guiding the specific goal or choice on which one acts. Kant defined categorical imperatives as moral rules that all individuals must uphold, despite their inclinations or circumstances. 2. Carol Gilligan gives the stages of moral development in the young woman, listthem and explain them. Carol Gilligan, a feminist thinker and psychologist, challenges Kohlberg's idea of moral growth in humanity, which was centered solely on males. She does this by presenting the many phases of moral growth in females. Gilligan notes that in the first stage, a girl is exclusively concerned with herself. This stage includes a period in which the woman is both powerless and fragile, making it difficult for her to find consolation or connections with others. She instead looks for such things inside herself. The female focuses externally in the second stage, becoming more conscious of others around her and honoring the deep ties and connections that are established. At this point, the woman is driven by a deep desire to save these individuals, even if it requires giving up oneself. The female achieves a balance among the first two phases of moral growth in the last level. She expresses worry for herself as well as the people she genuinely cares about. She ultimately realizes that to do unto others, she must first do unto herself, which means she must prioritize her own needs and desires over her personal connections.
3. Care Ethics has been proclaimed to be the ethical contribution of the female thinkers, 1. Explain care ethics, 2. explain positive and negative points in care ethics. Care Ethics, often known as "ethics of care," centers around the morality as well as the integrity of women, with an emphasis on interpersonal interactions. In the book, our values as women are described as gentleness, compassion, and true caring and care; nevertheless, these moral elements of women are undermined by "societal standards”. The following are some positive aspects of care ethics that invite us to try new methods and encourage people to meet others wherever they are. We are all working together at the same time to meet in the center. Negative aspects of care ethics include associating women alongside the value of care is deemed politically risky; care ethics attacks modernism's contradiction while maintaining conflicting norms . 4, List five Hindu caste systems and the role of each in Hindu society. There are 5 Hindu caste systems of India that provide to the country’s social structure Brahmin- The highest and most powerful caste in India, accounting for just a small percentage of the population. They are mostly priests or instructors, and because of the powerful clerical roles that the British colonial authority assigned to them, the Brahmins hold key positions in the sciences, business, and governance. The name "Kshatriya" means "protector of the gentle people." Kshatriyas were formerly the warrior elite, but they are now mostly a land-owning caste with diminishing power. Vaishya- Typically recognized as herders of cattle agriculturalists, artisans, and merchants, this caste is well-known for its trading influence. They are, however, now associated with the middle class and social development. Shudra- The lowest of the four ancient social classes. They were so low that they were barred from learning the "Vedas," the early sacred works of Indian literature. They have a long history of disadvantages. Dalits- The term "Dalit" refers to those who are "grounded," "crushed," or "suppressed." This caste is regarded as the very lowest of all. They relate to ritually unclean vocations. Also known as “untouchables”.
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