Quiz #9 - Chapter 9

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Grant MacEwan University *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Based on textbook readings p. 378-425. Which of the following statements about genetics, evolution, and altruism is/are true? Altruism makes evolutionary sense because it increases the likelihood that those who share your genes will survive. People are more willing to behave in an altruistic fashion toward those who are more genetically related to them. We help those who are similar to us because we’re born with a tendency to treat physical similarity as a sign of genetic relatedness. Two out of three of the above statements are true. a, b, and c are all true statements. (CORRECT) In Darley & Batson’s 1973 study, religion studies students were either in a hurry (or not) to give a lecture about either jobs or about the parable of the “Good Samaritan”. Along the way, participants encountered a man who needed help. The study found that… Students helped less when they were about to give a lecture about the Good Samaritan because they already felt like a good person, so they didn’t need to do a good deed to prove it. Students who were giving a lecture about the Good Samaritan almost always stopped because the lecture topic reminded them about the importance of helping others. Highly religious students were much more likely to stop and help than students who scored lower in measures of religiousness. Students’ were unlikely to help if they were in a rush, even if they were on their way to give a lecture about the Good Samaritan. (CORRECT) None of the above are true statements about the results of the study.

Ravinder is approached by a stranger who claims to be lost and not from around here. The stranger asks for money for a bus ride home. Ravinder realizes that he would want someone to help him if he were in the same situation, so he gives the man some money, knowing that he will never see the stranger again. Ravinder’s actions can be best explained by… The reciprocity norm The social responsibility norm (CORRECT) Kin selection Moral hypocrisy None of the above In a study by Batson et al. (1983), participants witnessed a person receiving painful shocks. Some participants were able to stop watching after two shocks, while others had to watch all of the shocks. The researchers also measured how much personal distress the participants were feeling, as well as their empathy for the victim. They found that… People who mostly felt distress only helped the victim if they could escape seeing the victim’s pain. If they had no chance to escape, they didn’t help. People only helped the victim when they couldn’t escape. When they could escape, people didn’t help. This happened regardless of how much empathy or distress people felt. People almost always helped the victim regardless of condition and regardless of the amount of empathy or distress they felt. People who mostly felt distress only helped the victim when they had no chance to escape seeing the victim’s pain. If given the chance to escape, they didn’t help. (CORRECT) None of the above statements is true.

The textbook describes the murder of Katherine Genovese, who was stabbed repeatedly within earshot / sight of numerous neighbors who did not call the police. According to Latané and Darley’s model of helping… The neighbors likely didn’t call due to diffusion of responsibility – with so many others watching, they didn’t think it was necessary for them to call because someone else would do it. (CORRECT) The neighbors likely saw / heard what was happening, but didn’t interpret it as an emergency, and so they didn’t call. Most of the neighbors didn’t hear or notice the murder happening, and so they were unable to call the police. The neighbors wanted to help, but they lacked the ability to help – in this case, to contact the police, since it occurred at a time when most people did not have a phone in their apartment. None of the above statements are true. Which of the following is the best example of pluralistic ignorance? You see that no one else in class is asking questions, and you assume it’s because they know they answer, even though your reason for not asking a question is to avoid feeling foolish. (CORRECT) A group of people make act in a racist way toward a member of a minority group just because that person is different. Someone stops you and your friends for help with a flat tire. You turn them down because none of you knows how to change a flat tire. A group of politicians vote on a particular law without reading it or knowing what it is actually about. None of the above is an example of pluralistic ignorance.

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