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one such king, Frederick II (or Frederick the Great), in his library with a friend. What nation did Frederick lead? (country name only) Monarchs such as Frederick came to be called “enlightened despots.” Can you name others who were given this title? Why do you think Enlightenment ideas appealed to such monarchs? Other prominent recipients of this title are Joseph II of Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia. These kings were drawn to enlightenment principles because they thought they would solidify their authority and bring their countries up to date. Aristocrats came to respect certain philosophes, a group of powerful Enlightenment intellectuals who were frequently courted by kings. In Illustration 2B, what appears to be happening? Several aristocrats have gathered specifically to discuss Enlightenment ideas. What were these gatherings called? Sometimes key thinkers like Voltaire, called philosophes, would be invited to such gatherings. Who were some other philosophes? How do both illustrations make clear who Enlightenment ideas appealed to? Some find this surprising—why? Why do you think so many wealthy, powerful people were attracted to Enlightenment ideals? Illustration 2B shows one such salon. These assemblies o±ered a forum for the discussion of ideas, and sometimes prominent intellectuals, known as philosophers like Voltaire, were invited. Document 3 Enlightenment thinkers asked many questions about society. But they rarely agreed on the answers. John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau did agree that government exists to protect individual rights. But they di±ered in many ways—as they do here on the value of representative government. Explain what “representative government” is and how the two men di±ered over it. "Representative government" is a system where citizens elect individuals to act as their representatives in decision-making processes, essentially delegating the authority to make laws and policies on their behalf. These representatives are expected to reflect the will and interests of the people who elected them. The key di±erence between Locke and Rousseau regarding representative government lies in their views on how the people's will is best expressed and protected. Locke saw elected representatives as a means to safeguard individual rights and ensure a just and balanced government. Rousseau, on the other hand, argued for direct democracy, asserting that true liberty and the common good could only be achieved through direct involvement and decision-making by the citizens themselves. One of these two men had a huge influence on the founders of the U.S. government. Which one? Why do you think America’s founders were influenced more by him than by the other? John Locke had a more significant influence on the founders of the U.S. government compared to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This influence can be attributed to the philosophical alignment of Locke's ideas with the principles of the American Revolution and the formation of the United States. Locke's emphasis on natural rights, property, and the government's role in protecting individual liberties closely resonated with the American colonists. His social contract theory provided a theoretical framework justifying the American colonies' quest for independence and the establishment of a