Chapter 1 questions
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Philosophy
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Apr 3, 2024
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docx
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Chapter 1 questions
A primary concern regarding a sound academic approach to the study of world religions involves the fact that it arose within an intellectual culture that:
a. Embraced atheistic and agnostic theories of human behavior
b. Ignored the relevance of religion as an important factor in molding society
c. Tended to take for granted that Christianity was a model of what religion ought to be
d. Was overtly influenced by Communism and therefore tended to undervalue religion
c
French sociologist Émile Durkheim insists in his definition of religion on:
a. An emphasis of its effects on the individual's psyche
b. The harm brought about by religion, the "opium" of the people
c. The unification brought about by "beliefs and practices," culminating in a "moral community called a Church"
d. The notion of "transcendence" as its essential aspect
C
Bruce Lincoln's definition of religion emphasizes four "domains":
a. Discourse, practice, community, and institution
b. Essence, existence, freedom, and regeneration
c. Inner, outer, esoteric, and exoteric
d. Eastern, Western, African, and Australian
A
Religion functions in an unhealthy manner as an opiate that deters the suffering individual from attending to the true cause of affliction, according to:
a. Émile Durkheim
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Karl Marx
d. Paul Tillich
C
Which of the following is not among the prominent questions addressed by religions?
a. What is the correct definition of "religion"?
b. What is ultimate reality?
c. How should we live in this world?
d. What is our ultimate purpose?
a
The so-called Golden Rule set forth in the Christian New Testament:
a. establishes the Christian ethical perspective with regard to the pursuit of wealth
b. is pronounced in similar forms in the scriptures of virtually all of the world's major traditions
c. pronounces that God created heaven and earth through the Logos or Word
d. distinguishes Christianity as being the most altruistic of the world's major traditions
B
Religious scholar Ninian Smart's "dimensional" scheme divides the various aspects of religious traditions into seven dimensions, which include:
a. doctrinal and ritual
b. causal and reactionary
c. artistic and architectural
d. sacred and profane
A
The world religion that most emphasize doctrines is:
a. Buddhism
b. Christianity
c. Hinduism
d. Judaism
B
Globalization is
a. the linking and intermixing of cultures
b. imperial expansion and domination
c. the embrace of a common religion worldwide
d. the tendency to understand the world cultures in a new way thanks to new technologies
A
The capacity for seeing things from another's perspective is:
a. audacity
b. complacency
c. empathy
d. synchronicity
C
"World Religions" has been a prominent course of study in American colleges and universities for nearly a century.
True
The attempt to define religion is a relatively recent phenomenon, beginning for the most part with the European Enlightenment of the 18th century.
true
Karl Marx was a thoroughgoing idealist who insisted that religious ideas can cause great changes in the economy.
false
Monotheism is the belief in one god who is more powerful than the rest.
false
Religious cosmologies typically describe both the origin and the status of the universe.
true
Religions typically prescribe what is right behavior and what is wrong based on a set of ethical tenets such as the Jewish and Christian Ten Commandments.
true
Experiencing transcendence does not depend upon believing in God or gods.
true
One effect of feminist theory has been to reveal contributions of women through the ages that hitherto have been largely ignored.
True
Enlightenment thinkers, most influentially the German philosopher __________, conceived of religion as something separate from the various phenomena the human mind is capable of perceiving.
immanuel kant
American psychologist __________ emphasizes in his definition the individual nature of religion.
william james
Psychologist __________ asserted that religion is "the universal obsessional neurosis of humanity."
sigmund freud
__________ explicitly denies the existence of God or gods.
atheism
__________ Buddhism refuses to make much at all of death beyond acknowledging its natural place in the order of things.
Zen
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