worksheet 2

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School

Chaffey College *

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AG4010

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Philosophy

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by JusticeFog11341

Worksheet Chapter 3 WORKSHEET CHAPTER 3 – SUBJECTIVISM IN ETHICS 1. There Is an example of gay rights and changing societal attitudes. Thoughts? There were a few scenarios with a gay parade in 2001 and how people showed and viewed them, this wasn’t acceptable as morally acceptable back in the day. Today people think as more morally acceptable to gay rights 2. Why is this a political issue? Thoughts? The political issue became viewed by Republicans as opposed to gay rights and viewed as morally wrong, Mike Pence gave his opinion about this issue and told them about morally wrong and gay marriage 3. Explain what Ethical Subjectivism is. the claim that people are never morally wrong or right because there’s no objective standard. Morality is all opinion; it doesn’t have to be reasoning or facts 4. Explain David Hume’s theory. The reason is not responsible for an individual to distinguish morally wrong or right. There must be some other capacities where humans can distinguish moral distinctions. 5. Can Ethical Subjectivism be applied to all moral matters? Why? Why not? No, it would be a problem with certain cultures, and values and norms can be broken by doing anything without consequence and the reality for the law and order\ 6. What changed during the end of the 19th century to around 1970 in the way the moral philosophers changed their focus? Theories of subjectivism include:

in 19th century, philosphers began to work on language, meaning (linguisitics) 7. What is simple subjectivism? if true, there can't be moral disagreements but there are moral disagreements so it is flawed. it is the theory that our moral opinions are based on our feelings and nothing more 8. What is the major objection or flaw in the simple subjectivism theory? moral thinking is not about following one's feelings or attitudes, but about observing the reasons at hand and thinking critically. 9. What is Emotivism? Emotivism is an ethical theory that posits that it is impossible to determine right from wrong. Instead, any moral statement is simply a reflection of the speaker's emotions. 10. What philosopher wrote about the emotivism theory? In what time frame? During the mid-20th century, Charles Stevenson 11. Language is used to: 1) make statements 2) make comands 3) ask questions 4) express feelings 12. What is moral language? is making facts about the speaker's attitudes 13. Emotivism - moral language is not fact-stating, its not to convey information 14. What does emotivism convey?

moral judgments express the feeling or attitude of approval or disapproval77 15. Emotivism is? 15a. the next version of Ethical Subjectivism came to be known as Emotivism 15b. Emotivism was popular during the mid-20th century 16. According to emotivism, disagreement comes in different forms. What are the two ways? 16a. disagreement in belief 16b. attitude 17. For Emotivism – moral conflict is real. 18. Explain the Error theory. What are people try to do at least when they talk about ethics? Error Theory defines that morality is a sham, no moral judgments are true or false. A theorist would contradict themselves because there’s no real knowledge of morality 19. What did John L. Mackie believe? there are no facts in ethics and no one is ever wrong He did see people were at least trying to say true things and we should interpret them as objective truths 20. Mackie states that moral discussions are teeming with _Error_ 21. What is the definition of a nihilist? values are not real. Nothing is good or bad, right or wrong. 22. What two theories deny the existence of right and wrong? (Page 40) nihilism and ethical subjectivism 23. Explain ethics and science – does the universe contain wickedness? According to the study, the universe does not contain wickedness as our belief comes from subjective responses 24. According to Mackie, __Values__ are not part of the “fabric of the world.” 25. What is the third possibility that shows ethics has an objective basis? People have not only feelings but also reasoning. Moral truths are matters of reason 26. There are proofs in ___science__, but there are no proofs in __ethics__ 27. There are two things that are quite different – see page 43. Explain.

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