HIS-111-Homework-15

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South Piedmont Community College *

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111

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Philosophy

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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4

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HOMEWORK Modules 13 through 15 Be sure to answer everything thoroughly—about a paragraph for each “bullet.” Factually correct answers are important, but be sure to provide some analysis as well. Pay attention to spelling and grammar, and be sure to give original answers—the Academic Integrity policy is in effect. QUESTIONS FOR UTOPIA ● What do you think is Thomas More’s view of human nature? Discuss. He portrays humans as flawed and greedy. He also believes that humans have the capacity for improvement and can strive for a better society. He emphasizes the importance of “education and communal living” to overcome these flaws. He presents a realistic view of human nature, humans can create a utopian society. ● What, do you think, were More’s motives in writing Utopia ? He aimed to criticize the corrupt social and political systems of his time, highlighting the flaws in society. More wanted to propose an alternative vision of an ideal society, where justice and equality prevailed. ● What practices and institutions in the land of Utopia seem sensible? Which ones seem bizarre? Discuss. In the land of Utopia, several practices and institutions appear sensible, such as communal living and distribution of resources. The lack of private property and money promotes social harmony. However, some aspects seem bizarre, like their strict regulation of personal freedoms and arranged marriages. Utopia strives for an ideal society, its control over individual choices questions the balance between “collective welfare and personal autonomy.” QUESTIONS FOR THE PRINCE ● Does Machiavelli’s view of human nature differ from that of Thomas More? Explain. Machiavelli believed that humans were selfish and driven by their own greed, while More saw humans as capable of virtue and moral behavior. This fundamental difference in perspective shaped their philosophies. Machiavelli advocated for a pragmatic approach to governance and emphasized the importance of ethical principles. ● Based on what you have read, how would you best describe Machiavelli: as an Italian patriot, a republican, or as political realist? Explain.
His work, "The Prince," reflects his approach to politics. Machiavelli's emphasis on power, manipulation, and the “pursuit of self-interest” aligns with political realism. Although he was an Italian patriot who desired a unified Italy, his focus on practicality and the harsh realities of politics overshadowed his patriotic sentiments. QUESTIONS FOR NINETY-FIVE THESES AND SPEECH BEFORE THE DIET OF WORMS ● What was the Imperial Diet? Why was it convened? Why was Luther summoned before the Diet? The Imperial Diet was a legislative assembly in the Holy Roman Empire. It was convened to discuss and make decisions on matters concerning the empire. The Diet of Worms was summoned to address Martin Luther's controversial teachings and writings that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. ● What was Luther’s answer to the question of spiritual salvation? He argued that salvation could not be achieved through good works or indulgences but through faith alone. Luther believed that humans were sinful and could only be saved by “God's grace.” This idea challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation. ● What were Luther’s reasons for refusing to recant? reasons for were rooted in his commitment to the truth of Scripture and his belief that salvation could only be attained through faith. He saw the corruption within the Catholic Church and wanted to reform it. This led him to reject any compromise on his convictions. Luther's refusal sparked the Protestant Reformation, forever changing the course of Christianity. ● What is the basis for spiritual authority, according to Luther? The basis for spiritual authority lies in the Word of God alone. He believed that Scripture was the ultimate source of divine revelation. it should be the guiding principle for all matters of faith and practice. ● Why is Luther’s confrontation with the Diet so significant for the History of the West? Discuss. This event marked a turning point in religious and political realms, leading to the Protestant Reformation and reshaping Western civilization. Luther's refusal to recant his beliefs challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. This sparked a wave of religious dissent and individualism ● In what ways did Luther’s teachings differ from that of the traditional teaching of the Church? Luther emphasized the authority of Scripture over the Pope and Church hierarchy. He believed that individuals could have a direct relationship with God through faith. Luther rejected the idea of purgatory and challenged the Church's teachings on salvation and justification by grace.
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