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University of Massachusetts, Amherst *
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Course
151
Subject
Physics
Date
Feb 20, 2024
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Pages
8
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Measurement - Volume of the Library
Overview
The basic activity of any experiment is making measurements. Scientists make measurements
to make new discoveries. Engineers make measurements to build things. Physicians make
measurements to diagnose and treat people. Understanding what a measurement is and how to
make a measurement is central to the work many people do.
There are some crucial characteristics of measurements to keep in mind:
●
There is no such thing as an exact measurement. Every measurement has an error.
●
Error does NOT mean mistake. An error is the limitation of the measurement. A range of
values that the measurement is still valid.
●
Error IS a part of the measurement. You can MEASURE error!
Objectives
The objectives of this experiment are:
●
Practice how to design an experiment.
●
Make measurements.
●
Determine the error in the measurements.
●
Learn techniques of propagating error of the results.
Part 1 - Experimental Design
What is the volume of the W.E.B. Du Bois Library? First, you will be designing a method to
measure the volume of the library here on campus. When designing an experiment there are
some basic questions you need to answer:
●
What is the model of the system (library) you are measuring?
●
What physical quantities does a model have in common with the system?
●
How will you measure these quantities?
●
What limitation (error) do you estimate in each of the measured quantities?
University of Massachusetts - Amherst
Spring 2023
Physics Department
1/8
By Ktr101 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17831764
Now with your lab partner, design a method to measure the volume of the library. You may only
use a meter stick to measure the volume of the library.
NOTE:
You are
not
being graded on your accuracy. The variations from student to student is a
crucial part of this lab!
1.
Describe your methods of measuring the volume of the library. Include a picture or
diagram of your method.
Part 2 - Individual Measurement
Now you and your lab partner will go to the W.E.B. Du Bois Library to measure its volume. The
only thing you will have to measure with is a meter stick.
EACH STUDENT MUST MAKE THEIR OWN INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENTS! DO NOT
SHARE YOUR MEASUREMENTS WITH ANYONE YET!
University of Massachusetts - Amherst
Spring 2023
Physics Department
2/8
WARNING: DO NOT ENTER THE FENCED IN SPACE AROUND THE LIBRARY!
THIS IS RESTRICTED SPACE!
2.
Was your original method of measuring the library successful? If you had to think of a
new method, explain what new method you used.
3.
Record your
INDIVIDUAL
measurements of the dimensions of the library. Include your
estimate of the error (+/-) of each dimension.
Length (m)
Width (m)
Height (m)
+/-
+/-
+/-
4.
Calculate the volume of the library using the dimensions you measured. What do you
estimate
is the error (+/-) in your value of the volume? The error of an individual
measurement is an estimate. It is your best judgment of the limit you are able to make a
measurement.
Volume V (m)
+/-
Part 3 - Statistical Analysis - Lab Section Data
You and your sectionmates have just measured the dimensions of the library. You all measure
the same library, but do you all have the same measurements? The answer is, of course, no.
Even if everyone used the same method to measure the dimensions of the library, and even if
they used the
same
meter stick, there still are differences in the values of the measurements.
Those differences
are
the errors in the measurements.
There are good measurements, bad measurements, great measurements, and measurements
that need improvement. But there is no such thing as a
right
or
wrong
measurement. But we
make measurements assuming there is a true value to the measurement. We cannot measure
the
true
value, but we make a measurement of the
best
value. The best value is the value we
believe is closest to the true value.
How do we determine the best value? If there is a true value to a measurement, some of the
measurements you and your sectionmates made may be above the true value, while other
measurements are below. The best value of a measurement, the value closest to the true value,
is the
average
of all the measurements made.
University of Massachusetts - Amherst
Spring 2023
Physics Department
3/8
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