E02 Energy Lab Master Report

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Rochester Community Technical College *

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1118

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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E02 Energy Lab Report Student’s Name, Teacher’s Name, Class Name, Date

P URPOSE (10 PTS ) Go to: Energy Skate Park: Basics Lab . You will use this to investigate how gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy are related to one another and learn more about the conservation of energy. The purpose is to: a. Calculate gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy. b. Compare & contrast energy conservation with and without friction. c. Graphically analyze data to identify trends in energy conservation. Play around with the simulation in INTRO MODE and answer the following questions. If you do outside research, make sure to list your sources at the end of the report. Yes, any video you watch should be cited as well as lecture material. 1. What tools are available to you in the simulator and what do they measure or do? Explain for each why it might be useful to have. ● Grid - useful to see where on the graph is this line(ramp/track that the girl moves on) plotted, and this info could help with calculations ● Reference Height - You can move it around to see what kind of energy is being used/available(Kinetic, Potential Thermal) . If the girl is not moving but is on the track and you adjust the height, then there is a mix of all 3 energy depending on what you have for the friction gravity, and mass(if path is selected). If the girl is moving on the ground, on flat surface, then the thermal energy is at its max, but no kinetic or potential energy. ● Play around with friction, gravity, and mass- When stay on track is selected. mass, some friction, smallest amount of gravity gives all 3 energy when the girl is on the track. Mass, no friction, smallest amount gravity gives very small amounts of kinetic and potential when the girl is moving on the track. No friction, and smallest amount of gravity and mass gives barely any kinetic and potential energy when the girl is on the track. Maximum amount of gravity and mass, and no friction gives a lot of kinetic and potential energy(almost full for both). Maximum amount for friction, gravity, and mass gives all 3 energy, with Potential being at its highest when the girl is on the track and then once she begins, the Kinetic energy goes to the max and the gradually decreases to 0, while Potential energy gradually decreases(goes from max to 0), and Thermal energy goes from 0 to maximum. I can go on and on; there are so many possibilities and trials to do, but these are some. Basically, the friction, gravity, and mass measures the Kinetic, Thermal and Potential Energy, along with the height. ● The kind of track - Along with all the other factors and different possibilities listed for bullet points 2 and 3, depending on the track, that will determine which types of energy show and how much of each ● Check marking Pie Chart - It is a legend for what each color sybmolizes/refers; which energy does each color correspond to ● Check marking Speed - You can see what the speed of the girl is ● Girl - You can move her around to see her speed, and which types of energy + how much of each energy. You can put her to the sky and drop her, and you can put her on the track so she will move. Sliding her across the track and ground is possible but results aren’t necessarily correct. ● Slow motion or normal - Which pace you want the simulation to run at ● Skater - Which one will you use(8 options) 2. How does changing the mass of the skater affect the skater’s motion? How does changing gravity affect the skater’s motion? How does changing the friction of the ramp affect the

skater’s motion? I already answered this in question 1 for gravity, mass, and friction in my explanation of what each is and is useful for 3. What is the law of conservation of energy? How might this relate to this simulation? The law of conservation of energy says that energy is neither created nor destroyed. It also says that when humans use energy, it doesn’t disappear, but rather changes from one form to another. 4. How do we calculate gravitational potential energy? How do we calculate kinetic energy? Calculate both for a 50kg skater moving 5 m/s at a height of 5 m. Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh, where g is the constant for Earth’s gravity, and h is height. Calculation for this case: 50kg*5m*9.8m/s^2 = 2450 Kinetic Energy = ½ m v^2, with v being velocity, and m being mass Calculation for this case: 25 kg *25m/s = 625 V ARIABLES (4 PTS ) List which is the Independent and which is the Dependent variable in this lab. List control variables. Remember that controls are anything we want to keep consistent throughout trials. Read this short article , for a quick recap of the difference between independent and dependent variables. Independent Variable(s): modes, mass, slow motion/normal Dependent Variable(s): Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy, height, time, velocity Control Variable(s): The skater used(though there are 8 options, you need to pick one for that you’ll use for the whole trial; can’t change skaters midway), and what ramp is used H YPOTHESIS (4 PTS ) What hypothesis (prediction) do you have regarding how friction affects the transfer of energy from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy? Why(reference purpose questions)? (Hint: You can use the “If…Then..because” format.) The higher up the skater is, the greater the potential energy and the smaller the kinetic energy, so I believe that the kinetic and potential energy will be opposite. M ATERIALS (2 PTS ) List the materials that would be used in this experiment if it were happening in real life.

PhET's Energy Skate Park: Basics Lab https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/energy-skate- park/latest/energy-skate-park_en.html P ROCEDURE (6 PTS ) Read through this generic procedure and answer the following procedure questions. Then, complete the experiment. PART 1: No Friction 1. Select the “intro” mode. Check Speed and Stick to Track in top right corner. Check Grid and Reference Height in bottom left corner. Click “+” for Energy Bars at top left. Do not move the gravity slider. Choose one of the three up and down ramps to use for all trials. Choose a mass and skater to use for all trials. Set up will look something like below. The three ramp options are circled. 2. Drag out the timer and click play on the timer (not the big play button at bottom). Place the skater on the top left of the ramp. 3. Collect data by using the play button at the button to start and stop the skater at different times and points on the ramp and fill in the 12 parts of the no friction table below. PART 2: With Friction 1. Move the friction slider to your chosen friction setting. Keep all other settings the same as Part 1. 2. Complete and fill in the part 2 table using the same procedure as Part 1. Procedure Questions: 1. When completing experiments, it’s very important to keep all other variables other than IV and DV constant. Below state what ramp you plan to use of the three options given (cannot use L ramp), what mass you will use for your skater, what skater, and what level of friction for part 2. Include a screenshot of your settings below to easily replicate.

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