GaneshSivaramakrishnan_lab3physics

docx

School

Tulane University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

1221

Subject

Physics

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by ProfPrairieDogPerson689

Lab #3: Newton's 2nd Law Praneel, Mary, Katie Introduction Newton's second law of physics states; the net force is equal to the mass times the acceleration. The net force is made up of the sum of the force vectors on an object, which results in a force vector that causes the object to accelerate. We see this law being applied in both of our experiments today, as the force that is applied on the car when accelerated. We used a force sensor and a motion detector for our experiments to show us the use of Newton's Second law. Experiment 1: Variable Forces Procedure: Our first step was to measure the mass of the cart with the force sensor attached. The Next step we took was to verify the following: the track was level, the force sensor was set 10, the hook of the force sensor was oriented along the axis of the track, the motion sensor was pointed towards the cart, and that the wires stayed off the track. We then place the cart on the track. Our next step was to then click the record button and maintain a constant force as the cart was pulled, and then we gently pulled the car along the track with the wire attached to the hook. Our next step was to repeat the experiment, but rather than pull the cart in a straight line, we used the hook on the force sensor to pull and push the cart in a back-and-forth motion. Our last step was to repeat both experiments with added mass, then we were done. Data Analysis Mass of the cart with the force sensor attached: 352 grams Mass of the object is 100 grams

Using the data and estimated lines of best fit for run 6, 1 N = 0.0279t + 0.398 t = 21.58 a = 0.0381*21.58^2 - (0.28*21.58) + 0.348 = 12.05 Force (N) Acceleration (m/s^2) 1 12.05 1.5 48.73 2 109.8 These values are unreasonable for this experiment to have happened because the object could not have had such a fast acceleration; however, these values are correct based on the graphs’ lines of best fit. Since there wasn’t a very linear slope for the force graph (or a very parabolic slope for the acceleration graph), the line of best fit is not very precise. Acceleration is directly proportional to force. Force is indirectly proportional to the mass. When force is maximum, acceleration is maximum. The constant of proportionality is the mass (since the equation is F=ma), which is 352 g, or the mass of just the cart with the force sensor attached (no additional mass used in run 6). The slope is infinity because it’s a straight linear line so there is no change horizontally. This is because the force and acceleration both increase at the same time. If it was a linear line with an upward diagonal line, the slope would be 1 1/N but since it goes straight up and down, the rise is 1 and the run is 0. Since slope is change in rise/run, it’s 1/0, which is infinity, or undefined. A slope of 0, like the graph says, would be a straight horizontal line, not a straight vertical line. Force and acceleration have a direct relationship. The units of the slope are 1/N.

F=ma 0.6 N = m(0.02 m/s^2) m = 30 g |𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒? 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒| 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒? 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 91.5%= |352-30|/352*100 There is a high percent error when determining the cart’s mass. The trials without the additional mass are more accurate because there is less additional weight to factor in. Additional Analysis 𝐽𝑒𝑟? = 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑡+△𝑡−𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2.83+1.52 = 21. 75 m/s^4 △𝑡 0.2 𝐽𝑒𝑟? = 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑡+△𝑡−𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2.83+1.72 = 30. 3 m/s^4 △𝑡 0.15 The jerk appears in the graph as rapid acceleration or deceleration and shows up as a large spike. As the cart moves, the strength of the force of friction is determined by F f =µ*N, where µ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force. The normal force is exerted to counteract the weight of the object and is equal to mass*gravity. µ works as a constant and that must be determined either through given values or experimentally. Experimentally, this is determined by increasing applied force to a cart to overcome static friction and then move at dynamic friction. Friction contributes to the error of the measurements because it counteracts the object’s motion. People must consider friction when considering the force or acceleration of an object. Friction can result in the overestimation of forces or inaccurate acceleration measurements. People can also try to reduce friction through lubricants or include frictional force in their calculations. % 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = * 100%

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Experiment 2: Constant Force with Tension Procedure First, weigh the mass of the cart and record the value in your notes. Next, set up the model following the schematic of the setup. Once everything is setup, press the record button and release the cart. Make sure to not let the cart hit the pulley. Once the trial is complete, press the record button again and analysis the data. Repeat the experiment multiple times if the data is not correct. Data Analysis The mean force while the weight was falling is 0.1 Newtons, which represents the average force acting on the weight during the fall. The mean acceleration is 0.79 meters per second squared. A free body diagram, alongside Newton’s 2nd law, helps calculate the theoretical acceleration and tension.

Free Body Diagram 𝑚 ? The equation for calculating the theoretical acceleration is a= 2 . The masses for the objects 1 2 are 𝑚 = 352 grams and 𝑚 = 50 grams. After inputting the values into the equation, the acceleration is 1 2 1.22 meters per second squared. Using the percent error equation ( |𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙| × 100 ) the percent error of the theoretical acceleration (1.22) and the average acceleration(0.79) was 64.75%. The lower percent error is mainly due to human error while performing the experiment. The equations for calculating the theoretical tension are T=ma and f=mg. After getting the values for these two equations, subtract them with each other. F=(50)(9.8) =490N - F=(352)(1.22)=429.4N. The theoretical value of the tension is 60.56N. The percent error of the two tension values is 0.43%. The reason why this value is extremely low could be because the values in PASCO are wrong or the experiment was performed incorrectly. If the cart had a constant speed, then the results will change. Since the cart is already moving, the amount of force required will be lowered. As a result, the force and acceleration will be changed. Additional Analysis The tension of the string is not equal to the gravitational force of the falling mass. The reason behind this is because in order to make the mass move, the tension of the string must be stronger than the gravity. An equation created that determines the acceleration of the cart as a function of the amount of the falling mass is: a= 𝑇−𝑚? . M stands for the total mass of the cart and the weight. The equation is created by using Newton’s 2nd Law ( F= ma). Conclusion In conclusion we can see the relation that Newton's Second Law had with both experiments. We got to see the active forces being applied to the cart throughout both experiments. In experiments 1 we can see the pulling of the cart allowed for a relatively constant force that only grew with the more mass added on. In experiment 2 we can see using a weight to pull the cart down through gravity which is represented in the graphs. Overall, we minimized human error by repeating the experiment until we got a consistent data pool. All of this is shown in the graphs above. 𝑚 +𝑚 |𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙| ?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Documents

Physics111L_Friction_291291.docx

Physics Lab Report 1.docx

Uniform Circular Motion Lab report.docx

Lab 10 Ray Tracing.docx

Lab 17- Lab Report.pdf

Lab8_PHYS182A_195L-BallisticPendulum_WITHDATA (1).docx

Ganesh Sivararamakrishnan_Lab2.pdf

Ganesh Sivararamakrishnan_Lab report#4.pdf

Physics 151-M4.docx

PHY 151- Lab M1.docx

INFM 109 Final Paper Topic.docx

P112L07_Lab_Manual_v20230201.pdf

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...

Physics

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...

Physics

ISBN:9781305116399

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

Physics

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Cengage Learning

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:OpenStax College

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...

Physics

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

College Physics

Physics

ISBN:9781285737027

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning