PLS 202_ Module 2 Assignment (1)

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Political Science

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Apr 28, 2024

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2/4/24, 6:21 PM PLS 202: Module 2 Assignment file:///C:/Users/ryank/Downloads/assignment2_blank.html 1/5 PLS 202: Module 2 Assignment Download the assignment2_data.Rdata file from D2L and load the file into your R environment. It is a dataset with three variables: country , dem1999 , dem2016 which gives the country’s democracy score (how democratic it is) for the year 1999, and dem2016 which gives the same for the year 2016. Feel free to use slides, readings, or the internet to help with the assignment. Each question is worth 2 points. Please make sure to submit your homework in PDF format, including all your code and output. Failure to do so will result in a deduction of 2 points. load('assignment2_data.RData') Question 1 1. What were the mean democracy scores in 1999 and 2016? (Hint: don’t forget to tell R about missing values?) mean(polity$dem1999, na.rm = TRUE) ## [1] 5.172185 mean(polity$dem2016, na.rm = TRUE) ## [1] 5.948718 2. What about the minimum and maximum values from each year? min(polity$dem1999, na.rm=TRUE) ## [1] 0 min(polity$dem2016, na.rm=TRUE) ## [1] 0 max(polity$dem1999, na.rm=TRUE) ## [1] 10 max(polity$dem2016, na.rm=TRUE)

2/4/24, 6:21 PM PLS 202: Module 2 Assignment file:///C:/Users/ryank/Downloads/assignment2_blank.html 2/5 ## [1] 10 3. Print the first row in the polity dataset (hint: don’t forget commas!). head(polity, n=1) ## country dem1999 dem2016 ## 1 Afghanistan 0 1 Question 2 1. List the countries that had a democracy rating of 3 in 2016 (hint: there are 5) (another hint: R is funky and will give you some rows that are all <NA> , you can ignore these). ifelse(polity$dem2016 == 3, polity$country, NA ) ## [1] NA NA "Algeria" NA NA ## [6] NA NA NA NA NA ## [11] "Bangladesh" NA NA NA NA ## [16] NA NA NA NA NA ## [21] NA NA "Cambodia" NA NA ## [26] NA NA NA NA NA ## [31] NA NA NA NA NA ## [36] NA NA NA NA NA ## [41] "Djibouti" NA NA NA NA ## [46] NA NA NA NA "Fiji" ## [51] NA NA NA NA NA ## [56] NA NA NA NA NA ## [61] NA NA NA NA NA ## [66] NA NA NA NA NA ## [71] NA NA NA NA NA ## [76] NA NA NA NA NA ## [81] NA NA NA NA NA ## [86] NA NA NA NA NA ## [91] NA NA NA NA NA ## [96] NA NA NA NA NA ## [101] NA NA NA NA NA ## [106] NA NA NA NA NA ## [111] NA NA NA NA NA ## [116] NA NA NA NA NA ## [121] NA NA NA NA NA ## [126] NA NA NA NA NA ## [131] NA NA NA NA NA ## [136] NA NA NA NA NA ## [141] NA NA NA NA NA ## [146] NA NA NA NA NA ## [151] NA NA NA NA NA ## [156] NA NA NA NA NA

2/4/24, 6:21 PM PLS 202: Module 2 Assignment file:///C:/Users/ryank/Downloads/assignment2_blank.html 3/5 2. Did any of these countries also have a democracy rating of 3 in 1999? Which ones? ifelse(polity$dem2016==3 & polity$dem1999==3, polity$country, NA) ## [1] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [7] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [13] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [19] NA NA NA NA "Cambodia" NA ## [25] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [31] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [37] NA NA NA NA "Djibouti" NA ## [43] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [49] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [55] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [61] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [67] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [73] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [79] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [85] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [91] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [97] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [103] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [109] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [115] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [121] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [127] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [133] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [139] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [145] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [151] NA NA NA NA NA NA ## [157] NA NA NA NA #Cambodia and Djibouti 3. What was Peru’s democracy score in 2016? polity[polity$country == "Peru", c("dem2016")] ## [1] 9 Question 3 1. Create a new dataset which only contains observations from Somalia, call it somalia_data . somalia_data<-polity[polity$country == "Somalia", ] 2. Print the new dataset, did Somalia’s democracy score change from 1999 to 2016?

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