CJ 207 Project One

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School

Southern New Hampshire University *

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Course

207

Subject

Political Science

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by Private_Fog_Kudu2

CJ 207 Project One Template The Court System Relationship Among the Three Courts Checks and Balances Relationship of the Supremacy Clause and Federal Superiority Rule to the Courts The United States’ three court systems: District Court, Circuit Court, and the Supreme Court. District Court: The district courts handle the general trial courts of the federal court system. Circuit Court: Once a case is decided at the District Court level, the case can be appealed at the Court of Appeals. There are twelve federal circuits that divide the country into different regions. Any case can be appealed once a decision is made at the District Court. Supreme Court: The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the judicial system. It has the power to decide appeals on all cases brought in federal court. Under the Constitution, the legislative, executive, and judicial branches were created. Checks and balances is important because it gives specific powers to each branch. The point of checks and balances was to make sure no one branch would be able to control too much power, and it created a separation of powers [ CITATION Che \l 1033 ]. The Supremacy Clause establishes a rule of decision for courts adjudicating the rights and duties of parties under both state and federal law [ CITATION Bra \l 1033 ]. It serves to make it clear that the Constitution is the “Supreme Law of the Land”. The clause also forbids states from overtaking federal exercises. Functions and Responsibilities of Various Members

Members Functions Responsibilities Judge The judges sees that the rules of court procedures are followed. They are an impartial party to the proceedings. They lead court proceedings, use established laws and guidance to determine sentencing, and rule on the constitutionality of various laws and legal precedents [ CITATION The8 \l 1033 ] Prosecutor Investigate and prosecute criminals on behalf of the People. They represent the government and its interests. Prosecutors are responsible for convicting defendants. They respect the constitutional and legal rights of all people including witnesses, defendants, and victims. Defense Counsel To provide defendants with counsel. The defense counsel is an advocate for the accused, responsible for protecting their client's interests [ CITATION Def \l 1033 ] Allied Professionals Allied professionals include courts clerk, bailiff, and court reporter Bailiffs: Provide security and maintain order. Court Clerk: Documenting the receipt of legal documents, performing accounting and bookkeeping duties. Keeping records of court appearances as well as answering official correspondence. Collecting fees and preparing meeting agendas of court officials [ CITATION Wha10 \l 1033 ] Court Reporter: produce a complete, accurate, and secure transcript of depositions, trials, and other legal proceedings [ CITATION Cou \l 1033 ] Roles of Various Courts Local Appeals Courts State Appeals Courts Federal Appeals Courts Special Courts or Problem-Solving Courts The Local Appeals Court handles appeal decisions within its circuits. In each Court of Appeal, a panel of three judges, called "justices," decides appeals from Superior Courts [ CITATION OVE \l 1033 ] to determine if the law was applied correctly in the trial court proceedings. It consists of three judges and no jury. These courts focus on specific types of crimes that often are interwoven with social problems such as drug addiction, untreated mental illness, and alcohol abuse [ CITATION Pro1 \l 1033 ]

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