Ken__Fulkroad_HIS_200__Applied_History_Module_Five_Short_Responses

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Module 5 Short Responses – Question 1 In the space below, specify which historical lens you'd like to use for this exercise. I have selected the historical lens of social history to use for this exercise. Module 5 Short Responses – Question 2 Next, formulate a research question about the civil rights movement (historical time from 1954 – 1968), using the lens you've chosen. How did the emergence of grassroots activism and nonviolent resistance play a role in shaping the course and success of the civil rights movement between 1954 and 1968? Module 5 Short Responses – Question 3 First, go back and review the research question you developed in Step 1. For Step 2, first name two different primary sources that you might use to answer that question. Be as specific as you can. Your primary sources should be found using the Shapiro Library. Primary Source 1. "Letter from Birmingham Jail" by Martin Luther King Jr.- In this historical document, King articulates his beliefs on nonviolent resistance and its importance in the civil rights movement. He explains the strategic planning behind nonviolent protests and argues against gradualism in the fight for racial equality. This source provides insight into the mindset and strategies of key leaders in the civil rights movement. King Jr., Martin Luther. "Letter from Birmingham Jail." The Atlantic, August 7, 2021, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/08/martin-luther-king-jr-letter-from- birmingham-jail/619711/. Primary Source 2. Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. The University of North Carolina Press, 2011.- In this book, Ransby examines the life and activism of Ella Baker, a key figure in the civil rights movement. Baker played a crucial role in organizing grassroots efforts and promoting nonviolent resistance within the movement. This source offers a detailed analysis of Baker's contributions and sheds light on the impact of grassroots activism in the civil rights movement.

Tate, G. T. (2004). [Review of Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision, by B. Ransby]. The Journal of African American History, 89(1), 80 - 82. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134048 Module 5 Short Responses – Question 4 Next, name two different secondary sources you could use to answer your research question. Again, be as specific as you can. Your secondary sources should be found using the Shapiro Library. Secondary Source 1. "The Civil Rights Movement" by Dr. Clayborne Carson - In this article, Dr. Carson discusses the role of grassroots activism and nonviolent resistance in the civil rights movement. He highlights key events, such as the Montgomery bus boycott and the March on Washington, and discusses the impact of these actions on the course and success of the movement. This source provides a concise overview and analysis of the topic. Carson, Clayborne. "The Civil Rights Movement." King Institute Resources, September 22, 2021, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/civil-rights-movement . Secondary Source 2. "Nonviolent Direct Action: American Civil Rights Movement of the 20th Century" by Sherry L. Cormier - In this journal article, Cormier examines the use of nonviolent direct action in the civil rights movement. She discusses its effectiveness in bringing about change and its role in shaping the course of the movement. This source provides a detailed analysis and evaluation of the significance of nonviolent resistance in the civil rights movement. Cormier, Sherry L. "Nonviolent Direct Action: American Civil Rights Movement of the 20th Century." Psychology of Violence, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013, pp. 172-184, https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/vio-ofp-cormier.pdf. Module 5 Short Responses – Question 5 Construct a thesis statement that provides an answer to the research question you posed in Step 1. Base your response on the historical evidence that's been presented in this course so far, as well as any research you may have done on your own. The emergence of grassroots activism and nonviolent resistance played a crucial role in shaping the course and success of the civil rights movement between 1954 and 1968, as seen through the strategic planning and leadership of key figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Ella Baker, and the impactful events such as the Montgomery bus boycott and March on

Washington. Module 5 Short Responses – Question 6 Name three specific historical events that can be considered contributory causes of the passage of the Voting Rights Act. Briefly explain why you believe each of these events contributed to the passage of the Act. 1. The Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 - These protests, led by civil rights activists such as John Lewis and Martin Luther King Jr., brought attention to the ongoing barriers and violence faced by Black Americans attempting to exercise their right to vote. The brutality and discrimination faced by marchers, including the infamous "Bloody Sunday" incident, garnered widespread national and international outrage, putting pressure on Congress to pass voting rights legislation. 2. The Mississippi Freedom Summer Project in 1964 - This initiative, organized by civil rights organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), aimed to register African American voters in Mississippi, one of the most segregated and racially discriminatory states. The violence and intimidation faced by volunteers and activists, including the murder of three civil rights workers, brought attention to the urgent need for federal protection of voting rights for Black Americans. 3. The 24th Amendment to the US Constitution in 1964 - This amendment, which abolished the poll tax as a requirement for voting in federal elections, set a precedent for federal intervention in promoting voting rights. Its passage proved that the federal government had the power to enforce voting rights legislation, paving the way for the eventual passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Module 5 Short Responses – Question 7 Based on what you read about the passage of the Voting Rights Act on Page 1 of this learning block, name one event that was part of the course of this bill's passage by Congress. One event that was part of the course of this bill's passage by Congress was the Selma to Montgomery march, also known as "Bloody Sunday," on March 7, 1965. This peaceful demonstration, led by civil rights activists and attended by hundreds of people, was met with violence from state troopers and resulted in the injury of many marchers. The televised footage of this event helped bring public attention and support for the Voting Rights Act and put pressure on Congress to pass the legislation. Module 5 Short Responses – Question 8 Name three specific consequences caused by the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

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