Unit 1 Review

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Miami Dade College, Miami *

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2032

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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Unit 1 Review 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. B FRQ 1 A. States that oppose federal intervention in education could advocate for local control, emphasizing the importance of tailoring education to the needs of their communities. They might work to maximize local funding and decision-making to maintain autonomy. B. The Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for the states or the people, so it likely fueled debates on whether education fell under federal jurisdiction, causing delays. C. Unfunded mandates complicate education policy by imposing requirements on state and local governments without providing the necessary funding to implement those policies. This can strain local budgets, forcing schools to reallocate resources from other areas or cut programs to meet federal standards. Consequently, it creates a financial burden and can hinder the effectiveness of educational initiatives. FRQ 2 A. In both McCulloch v. Maryland and Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court rulings hinged on the principle of federal supremacy, as outlined in the Constitution. This principle asserts that federal law takes precedence over state law when there is a direct conflict between the two. The decisions in these cases reinforced the authority of the federal government over the states, establishing a clear hierarchy of law. B. In McCulloh v. Maryland, the state of Maryland tried to tax the federal Bank of the United States, but the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had the power to establish the bank and that Maryland couldn't interfere with it, thanks to the supremacy clause. In Worcester v. Georgia, Georgia made laws that controlled the lands of the Cherokee Nation, but the Supreme Court decided that only the federal government could
do that, again citing federal supremacy. So, in both cases, the Supreme Court used the principle that federal laws have the final say over state laws when they clash. C. If Georgia disagreed with the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia, the state could have appealed to Congress to pass legislation altering the relationship between the states and the Native American tribes. However, President Andrew Jackson sided with Georgia, and the ruling was not enforced, leading to the tragic Trail of Tears, where thousands of Native Americans were forcibly removed from their land. ESSAY The addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution is a pivotal moment in American history, safeguarding the liberties and rights of individuals from potential government overreach. The Declaration of Independence asserts that governments are instituted to secure the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This foundational belief underscores the necessity of the Bill of Rights as a means to protect these inherent freedoms. The Bill of Rights serves as a concrete manifestation of the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence. It ensures that the government acknowledges and preserves the intrinsic rights of its citizens. For instance, the First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition. It embodies the spirit of liberty that the Declaration of Independence champions. Moreover, the arguments presented in "Brutus 1," a series of anti-federalist papers, highlight concerns that a large centralized government could overpower state authority and infringe upon personal liberties. The author of "Brutus 1" warns of the dangers of such concentration of power without a clear declaration of rights. The Bill of Rights directly addresses these concerns by explicitly enumerating the protections of individual liberties, ensuring that the federal government cannot encroach upon them. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights provides a framework for resolving conflicts between the government's need to maintain order and the people's freedom. It acts as a safeguard, ensuring that the government remains a servant to the people, not a master. This balance is crucial for the functioning of a free society and reflects the ideals that led to the American Revolution. In conclusion, the Bill of Rights is an essential component of the Constitution. It is a testament to the American commitment to liberty and justice, echoing the Declaration of Independence's proclamation of inherent rights. It also addresses the concerns raised in "Brutus 1" regarding the potential for governmental overreach. The Bill of Rights stands as a bulwark against tyranny, protecting the freedoms that define the American way of life.
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