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Deakin University *

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748

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Political Science

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by GrandEaglePerson1046

Week 1 Why are realist theories criticised so frequently? Realist theories in international relations are often criticized for their emphasis on power politics, state-centric focus, and sometimes their pessimistic view of international cooperation. Critics argue that realist perspectives oversimplify complex global dynamics and downplay the role of non-state actors, international institutions, and normative considerations in shaping international relations. Additionally, realists' pessimism about the possibility of achieving lasting peace and cooperation between states can be seen as discouraging efforts to address global challenges through diplomacy and multilateralism. Critics contend that a more comprehensive approach is needed to address contemporary international issues effectively. Week 2 How does securitisation influence how we think about security threats? Securitization, a concept from the field of security studies, significantly influences how we perceive security threats. It involves framing an issue or problem as an existential threat that justifies exceptional measures, often bypassing normal political processes. This process not only draws attention to certain issues but also shapes public discourse and policy responses. Critics argue that securitization can lead to the overemphasis on certain threats, potentially infringing on civil liberties and distorting priorities. It highlights the importance of examining how the framing of security issues can impact our perceptions and policy decisions. Week 3 Why has the causes of war debate focused on major conflicts between the great powers? The causes of war debate has often focused on major conflicts between great powers for several reasons. First, these conflicts historically had the most significant and far-reaching consequences, making them critical subjects of study. Second, great power wars often involve complex geopolitical dynamics and are seen as central to the stability of the international system. Third, the stakes in such conflicts are high, with the potential for catastrophic outcomes, making it imperative to understand their causes in order to prevent future conflicts.

Lastly, great power wars are often interconnected with various factors such as alliances, rivalries, and the balance of power, making them rich case studies for scholars seeking to develop theories about the onset of warfare. Week 4 Which new forms of political violence, if any, have emerged in recent decades? In recent decades, several new forms of political violence have emerged, largely driven by changes in technology, communication, and global dynamics. These include cyber warfare and attacks, where state and non-state actors use digital tools to disrupt critical infrastructure and information systems. Additionally, terrorist organizations have increasingly used the internet for recruitment, propaganda dissemination, and coordination. Hybrid warfare, which combines conventional military tactics with non-traditional methods like disinformation campaigns, has gained prominence. Furthermore, the rise of extremism and lone-wolf attacks, often fueled by ideological or religious motives, has presented new challenges for counterterrorism efforts. These evolving forms of political violence highlight the need for updated strategies and international cooperation to address contemporary security threats effectively. Week 5 What are the 'root causes' of terrorism, and how can they be addressed? The root causes of terrorism are complex and multifaceted, often including socio-economic factors, political grievances, ideological extremism, and religious or ethnic tensions. Addressing these root causes requires a comprehensive approach. This can involve efforts to reduce poverty and inequality, promote political inclusion and stability, counter extremist ideologies through education and outreach, and foster interfaith and intercommunity dialogue to mitigate religious and ethnic tensions. Additionally, effective intelligence and law

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