Travis__Walters_HIS_200 _Applied_History(6)

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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Module 6 Short Responses – Question 1 Which source will you analyze using active reading strategies? Include the name of the article, the author, the publication, the date, and where you found it. Read your chosen source using the active reading strategies you learned on the previous page. Then, summarize the overall meaning and content of the reading. Write your summary below. Your summary should be at least one paragraph long. The source I have chosen to use for this exercise is an article written by Daniel A. Crane for the Iowa Law Review in 2015 entitled "All I Really Need to Know About Antitrust I Learned in 1912". This article was found in a preliminary search of sources regarding the topic of antitrust lawsuits that occurred in the early 20th century via the SNHU Library. The overall content of the article is to provide a summary of the 1912 United States Presidential Election, with a focus on the four primary candidates at that time - Woodrow Wilson of the Democratic Party, Theodore Roosevelt of the Progressive Party, William Howard Taft of the Republican Party, and Eugene V. Debs of the Socialist Party. Each candidate at this time provided their own thesis and understand of the economic relations towards tariffs and antitrust. The overall meaning to the article is to create a surviving understanding of the political sentiment during that time as it related to economic development. It also provides context towards future development with the successful election of Woodrow Wilson, who helped solidify corporate capitalism as the primary modality of economic organization. Module 6 Short Responses – Question 2 What events or historical forces contributed to the Boston busing crisis of the mid- 1970s? Name at least three, and briefly explain why you think each one was a contributory cause of the Boston busing crisis. The first event that had occurred which would eventually lead to the Boston busing crisis of the mid 1970s was protests from the African American communities in the Boston area regarding the quality of schooling that they had received. This would prompt a federal investigation and the subsequent passing of the Racial Imbalance Act in Massachusetts state legislator in 1965. The second event was a lawsuit brought forth to the city of school committee of Boston, ruling in favor of the NAACP a federal judge who made a ruling that any school that was more than 50% white must be balanced according to race. This would prompt Garrity, school board committee leader, to order schools to adopt a new busing plan for students starting the next school year in September. This busing schedule would see large amounts of students transported from their original school to another one, often on complete opposite ends of the city.

Module 6 Short Responses – Question 3 Name three specific consequences of the Boston busing crisis. Student Body Depopulation - In the school year of 1971-1972 there were 93,000 students enrolled in Boston public schools. By 1990 three years after the schools were officially declared segregated, the total number of students within the Boston Public Schools was no greater than 60,000. Decline in Education Levels - One of the immediate consequences of the Boston busing crisis was a decline in education levels for students, as an estimated 12,000 students of the 93,000 students were identified as chronically or permanently absent from class. This would lead to a large decline in graduation rates overall for the city of Boston. Growing Violence - Another direct consequence of the Boston busing crisis was the on- going violence and protests that had occurred as a result of the forced hand approach in which student demographics were shifted. Parents, and students alike, felt as though their choices had no impact or very little matter to do in regards of the public schooling system. Module 6 Short Responses – Question 4 Describe one cause of the event you have chosen for your historical analysis (keeping in mind that there are many), and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion. Describe one consequence of the event, and explain one piece of evidence from your research that you will use to support this assertion. On February 19th, 1902 the United States Department of Justice under advisement from president Theodore Roosevelt would announce it's intention to file suit against the Northern Securities Company. The cause of this event had began when James J. Hill, President of Great Northern Railways purchased the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad. Together a trust would be formed under James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan, and E.H. Herriman in 1901 for which it controlled a majority of the rail lines within the United States. Public outcry would lead to concert about the monopolistic approach this trust had formed. Evidence to support this would be historical documents outlined in the lawsuit of Northern Securities Co. v. United States

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