Exam-II-Part-II-SP23

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Jan 9, 2024

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AMERICAN NATIONAL POLITCS EXAM II Take Home Portion Pauline Flayre Atillo Please download this document from the Blackboard site under the “EXAMS” tab. Fully answer and TYPE responses into the document. Upon completion print for submission. The Take Home portion of Exam II is due by Friday, April 21, 2023. Be sure to put your name on exam before submission . Total possible points: 50 points Short Answers Questions (40 points) 1. What rights were African Americans denied before the Civil Rights Movement? Choose three and explain each with an example. 1. Due to discrimination, African Americans were denied the ability to vote. Many people were denied the right to vote because they had to pass an extremely demanding literacy test and pay a poll tax that most of them could not afford. 2. African Americans were subjected to harassment and discrimination at work, which excluded them from various job opportunities or were paid less than the other workers for the same amount of work at the same company. 3. African Americans were also poorly dealt with in the criminal justice system. They had higher arrest, conviction, and sentencing rates than white Americans. 2. How were the NAACP, the SCLC, and the SNCC different? How were they similar? Which organization had the most success in desegregating the South? The NAACP focused on legal strategies to challenge segregation and discrimination while SCLC and SNCC both focused on direct action and grassroots organizing. They all fought against the discrimination against African Americans in the United States. They faced crucial resistance and opposition from law enforcement agencies, white segregationists, and those who opposed the civil rights of African Americans 3. Describe how states bypassed the intention of the 15th Amendment. There were several ways in which the state bypassed the intention of the 15th Amendment. Poll taxes were imposed, and African Americans were asked to pay in order to vote. They also conducted very difficult literacy tests that were designed to be unfair to African Americans. There were times when only white voters were allowed to take part, making it impossible for African Americans in some states to use their right to vote. 4. What is the Equal Rights Amendment and why was it defeated? The Equal Rights Amendment was put out to forbid sex-based discrimination. Some conservative groups organized a movement against the amendment. When the number of states needed for ratification fell short before the deadline, it was deemed defunct. (Spr 23)
5. Identify the central inspiration for the political mobilization of the Mexican American in the 1960’s. The central inspiration for the political mobilization of the Mexican American in the 1960’s was the Chicano Movement. It tried to deal with racism, poverty, and being lef out of politics, which are all kinds of prejudice that Mexican Americans face in the U.S. 6. Why have gays and lesbians had a more difficult time achieving their civil rights? Because of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination against homosexuality, it is more difficult for gays and lesbians to achieve their civil rights. This is especially true in the United States. It has been difficult to garner support for the LGBT rights movement, which has slowed the movement's advancement. 7. What were the main provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and how did this law impact Black Americans, Hispanics and other American racial minorities? The primary provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 are to stop discrimination in the workplace, end segregation in public places, and give the federal government more power to protect civil rights. Black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and other racial minorities in the United States were given legal protection against discrimination and segregation. This made it possible for important civil rights laws like the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to be passed. 8. What is the role of the media in American society? What strategies are employed by the media influences politics? The media in American society provides analysis, opinion, and information regarding the news and current events. This gives them great power to shape the political opinions of the viewers. Endorsements, agenda setting, framing, and selective reporting are some of the strategies employed by the media to influence politics. 9. Why are many politicians hostile to media? There are a lot of politicians who have an adversarial relationship with the media because they think the media is biased and they do not trust the media. They view the media as a danger to both their personal interests and the political objective they are promoting. 10. How can online participation influence offline political participation? Online participation can raise awareness and teach people about political issues, processes, and the running candidates. Online platforms can help in organizing offline events for political campaigns and causes. The online community can operate discussions and dialogue to build a sense of community that can encourage offline political activities. 11. Provide three (3) examples (events) in American political history where the media played a central role. 2
1. During the 9/11 attack, the media played a central role where they provided substantial coverage of the attack and the afermath. The media shaped the audiences’ opinion on the attack which includes the invasion of Afghanistan and the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act. 2. The cause of women’s suffrage in the early 20th century was promoted by the media and it shaped the opinion of the public. Newspapers and magazines were used to spread the message which helped in the passage of the 19 th Amendment in 1920. 3. The media played a central role in covering the Black Lives Matter movement which happened in 2020 caused by the death of George Floyd by the Minneapolis police. The coverage raised awareness of police brutality and the issue of racial injustice. 12. Why is the concentration of media ownership consider by some as a serious problem? The concentration of media ownership is considered by some as a serious problem because the public is only exposed to a limited range of viewpoints, which could result in biased reporting, the exclusion of some viewpoints, and a dearth of critical analysis. The ability of citizens to form educated opinions and take part in democratic processes may be constrained by media concentration, according to critics, who also claim that it can lead to the repression of opposing viewpoints and a restriction of public debate. 13. List four major functions of political parties in the United States. The four major functions of political parties in the United States are Candidate Recruitment, Electoral Mobilization, Policy Formulation, and Governance. 14. Offer three (3) explanations for the persistence of the two-party system in the United States. 1. The U.S. system uses a Winner-Takes-All System where a candidate normally wins an election if they obtain a plurality of the votes rather than a majority of them. Voters may be discouraged from supporting third-party candidates by this winner-takes-all system because they may feel that their vote will be ineffective if their chosen candidate does not stand a chance of winning. 2. There are additional rules in many states that make it hard for third-party candidates to get on the ballot. These rules ofen make it hard for third-party candidates to get their names on the ballot and run for office because they have to get a lot of signatures or meet other strict requirements. 3. The two main parties in the U.S. get more money and tools than other parties, which makes it hard for them to compete. Candidates from major parties have access to big networks of donors and can raise a lot of money, while third-party candidates ofen have trouble raising enough money to run a competitive campaign. 15. Explain Party Realignment and give examples of critical elections where it occurred. A Party Realignment happens when voters' allegiances to the two major political parties shif drastically, creating a new political order. Political, economic, and societal developments can accelerate or hinder this process, which takes years or decades. The 3
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