response 5
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California Polytechnic State University, Pomona *
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101
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Political Science
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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docx
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Uploaded by BailiffKnowledge19334
Response #5
1, Compare and contrast classical and modern liberalism on the following topics: liberty,
government, and economic equality.
What distinguishes modern liberalism from classical liberalism?
The belief held by traditional liberals in the United States is that the most abundant fulfillment of
human desires occurs when the economy is allowed to operate naturally, with no interference
from the government. The ideas of the welfare state and social democracy are opposed by
modern classical liberals. According to the book, “ Liberty should be understood in broad,
expansive, positive terms: as the liberty to seek out ways to develop human potential and
contribute in a meaningful way to society”. In a modern liberalism view, government
engagement in social and personal affairs is required to stop certain people from restricting the
freedom of others and for economic equality if there's inequality it threatens the welfare of those
with lesser earnings and, consequently, diminishes their prospects of being free, the economic
disparity should be viewed with skepticism. As for classical liberalism, change is not to be
dreaded in political situations, since progress can be made. Limiting state power is a good idea
but not all economic inequality is negative.
2. What did classical liberals start calling themselves after modern liberalism came into being?
Neoliberalism
3. Compare and contrast classical liberal conservatives and Burkean traditional conservatives
Burekan traditional conservatives derive their opinions from British philosopher Edmund
Burke, who argues that while people can reason, it is limited and that most people tend to behave
irrationally. Traditional conservatives in Burekan believe that humans are innately unequal, in the
same way that natural skills divide people into different levels of ability.
4. Identify a contemporary conservative group that embraces classical liberal-conservative
ideas. Identify a contemporary conservative group that calls for Burkean traditional
Conservatism.
A contemporary conservative group that embraces classical conservative ideas would be
a group like the Libertarian Party in the United States. Then, the contemporary conservative
party that calls for Burkean Traditional conservatism would be the Conservative Norway Party.
5. Socialism has philosophical (e.g., Marxian) roots. Does it also have religious roots? Explain.
According to our book, “Although the term socialism is of recent origin, the roots of
socialist ideology are ancient and varied. You can find some of the oldest inspirations for
socialist ideas in the Judeo-Chrervatism consistian tradition.45 In the Book of Deuteronomy, for
example, you can read in Chapter 15 about the year of release from debt. In this chapter, God
commands that after every 7 years, debts are to be forgiven and property given to any poor
person living within the community of God’s people” (pg. 120).
If someone refuses to observe
these commandments, preferring to maintain his or her personal property or insisting on the
payment of any debts owed to him or her, God's response is unequivocal. Resistance to debt
forgiveness is a sin.
6. Why did Marx believe that capitalism necessarily generated class conflict? What role did the
government play in this conflict?
In our book we read, “According to Marx, under capitalism, conflict between the
bourgeoisie and the proletariat is inevitable. This is the case because both classes are rational.
Both pursue what is in their respective interests. Consequently, the bourgeoisie and proletariat
clash over the price of wage labor. It is in the interest of the bourgeoisie to lower the price of
labor, whereas it is in the interest of the proletariat to raise it.” Capitalists, according to Marx,
had alienated the worker from the fruits of his effort, causing him to become "enslaved by the
machine." This exploitation, according to Marx, would spark a new class war, culminating in the
"violent overthrow" of the bourgeoisie by the proletariat.
7. Did Marx see anything positive in capitalism?
Marx observed signs of eventual progress as well as stress and strain in all these facets of
capitalism. On the one hand, Marx argues that capitalism is intrinsically contradictory and will
eventually collapse due to internal conflicts. Marx finds himself contradicting himself seeing the
positive in capitalism; Marx favored preserving capitalism. To give workers more freedom and
prevent them from being dependent on capitalist factory owners and from being taken advantage
of, he aimed to improve upon it.
8. How do Marxist–Leninists and social democrats differ in their application of socialist ideology
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' writings and the socialism of the nineteenth century
serve as the ideological foundations of both social democracy and communism. Social
democracy does not completely eradicate economic disparities; rather, it works to reduce them
while preserving the idea of equality. It follows that salaries will vary amongst individuals. The
total abolition of economic inequality is the foundation for communism's ultimate goal of a
classless society. Socialism views the move towards public ownership as a gradual process.
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