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1 Fall 2022 December 2, 2022 Article Summary #3 The Foreign-Language Effect: Thinking in a Foreign Tongue Reduces Decision Biases Hypothesis There are compelling reasons to believe that speaking a foreign language reduces people's ability to rely on more systematic processes. This is due to the difficulty of learning a foreign language, which may increase cognitive load and lead to a greater reliance on intuitive and affective processes. If this reduced-systematicity explanation is correct, then learning a foreign language should exacerbate certain decision biases caused by heuristics and affective processes. (Keysar, Hayakawa, Gyu An, 2012) Participants The participants were people who spoke the same native and foreign languages. The languages consisted of English, Japanese, Korean, and French. Method Individuals were randomly assigned to perform a task in one of the two languages. Participants learned the foreign language primarily in the classroom and did not have a parent who spoke it natively. Researchers collected demographic data after each experiment to ensure that the participants were eligible. They also collected self-reported language proficiency ratings and averaged them across reading, writing, speaking, and comprehension to arrive at a language proficiency score for each participant. Results

2 These findings support the increased-systematicity explanation. They show that learning a foreign language reduces the gain-loss asymmetry in risk preferences, resulting in a frame- independent choice that is more consistent with standard economic theory. Adaptation As an individual who is bilingual, I have always made decisions in my main language even when I'm thinking in spanish. So I believe that language does not affect any type of decision bias.

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