PSY6025 Leanna Borunda-Applying Critical Thinking in Child Development

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Applying Critical Thinking in Child Development Leanna Borunda PSY6025 Child Psychology Nicole Jung

I chose the flaw “tells an anecdote”. The first red flag is that anecdotes are not valid; are because advertisers and marketers will often rely heavily upon this type of proof. Essentially, they can make it say whatever they want it to express to fit their marketing methods. Anecdotes are also an often-used tactic in debates (even in academic debates); when confronted with proof that disproves a belief, it is effortless to fall back to personal experiences and anecdotes. Claiming “but I have seen it work” or “it worked for me”. However, most people do not realize that this does not strengthen their argument. A possible reason for this is the high value and validity most people place on their own experiences (but not on others’ experiences) and the erroneous way most people think. (Michal, A.L., Zhong, Y. & Shah, P.) The scenario “My cousin drank wine while she was pregnant, and my nephew is fine. It’s fine to drink while pregnant. What I have found is that There is no safe time for alcohol use during pregnancy. Alcohol can cause problems for the baby throughout pregnancy, including before a woman knows she is pregnant. Alcohol use in the first three months of pregnancy can cause the baby to have abnormal facial features. Alcohol in the mother’s blood passes to the baby through the umbilical cord. Alcohol use during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of lifelong physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities. These disabilities are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Children with FASDs might have the following characteristics and behaviors: Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip (this ridge is called the philtrum), Small head size, Shorter-than-average height, Low body weight, Poor coordination, Hyperactive behavior, Difficulty with attention, Poor memory, Difficulty in school (especially with math), Learning disabilities, Speech and language delays, Poor reasoning and judgment skills, Sleep and sucking problems as a baby, Vision or hearing problems, Problems with the heart, kidney, or bones.(2022)

Fourteen studies published between 2002 and 2009 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (United States, 4; Europe, 4; Australia and New Zealand, 3; Japan, 2; and Uganda, 1). The predictors of prenatal alcohol use most consistently identified were pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption and having been abused or exposed to violence. Less consistent predictors of drinking during pregnancy were high income/social class and positive dependence screen. Unemployment, marital status, and education level were examined in many studies but found to be predictive only infrequently. Skagerstróm, J., Chang, G., & Nilsen, P. (2011). While many studies have been proven and article continue to become know I have read that many women still drink when pregnant. It is well established that alcohol can cross the placenta to the foetus and can affect an infant’s development, many women continue to drink during pregnancy. For this reason, it is important to determine what information is being provided, what information may be missing, and the preferred sources of information on this issue. In order to improve prevention strategies, we sought to understand the knowledge and experiences of pregnant women and their partners regarding the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. ( Crawford-Williams, F., Steen, M., Esterman, A. et al) They found that although the majority of participants knew not to drink alcohol in pregnancy, they had limited information on the specific harmful effects. In addition, routine enquiry, and the provision of information by health care professionals were seen as lacking. I have concluded that in the United States we have a great part of the population leans toward anecdote evidence it could affect the child’s development. Given evidence that several cognitive and emotional functions are impaired in adult alcohol-dependent patients and the possibility that some of these deficits are transmitted to their children, the objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the perception of complex mental states would be reduced in young

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