Development Newsletter

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Early Childhood: 18 months – 5 years. September 17, 2023 Factors Specific to Early Childhood: 18 months – 5 years Parents need to know that there are so many ways a child is influenced and how easily it can be done. Elements include media, language, nutrients, and socialness. In terms of media, research has indicated that infants and toddlers may have delayed language development since they are not connecting with other people, and/or can be influenced negatively when having unsupervised access. On the other side, there are some advantages to this. For example, media can entertain and teach children while parents need the time. Infants require nutrition and feeding to bond with their parents/guardians. This period establishes routines and patterns. Children usually imitate their parents' feeding schedules and behaviors. Eating habits are easily handed down from parent to child, and parents should be mindful of this. Finally, the environment in which a child plays, eats, and sleeps is one of the environmental factors influencing their development. A child who is cared for and provided positive entertainment time and has positive connections with their family is more likely to thrive than a child who does not (Baker., 2019). 1 LIFESPAN DEV. Early Childhood: 18 months – 5 years. Physical Development A child’s beginning years of their life are something other than special. Parents get to watch their child understand their surroundings, learn and understand communication, and develop physical and personality traits. Ages 1-3 look like walking, talking, eating and playing. There are different areas in that which define the development of toddlers. The gross motor stage is the area in which a toddler learns how to move. Crawling, walking, running, and climbing are developed here. Fine motor is the area in which the hands and awareness are put to use. Crafts, drawing, and feeding oneself occurs in this area of development. Language and social areas are also developed in these years. Developing their own understanding of speaking and communication happens, while also learning to understand others (National Library of Medicine, 2018). Cognitive Development By the age of three, your child's brain has matured 80% of the way. During these years, your child's brain begins to develop memory, language, thinking, and reasoning abilities. Toddlers begin to copy the actions of people through parents, siblings, or others. It can also be a stressful time as kids begin to reject authority and study their surroundings. A toddler's brain has matured to the point where thoughts and surroundings make sense, while parental control is established and tested. Reasoning and solutions have been established. Everyday life is a classroom for kids. As a result of these developments, children learn to speak, play, and exist without the support of their parents (MI Kids Matter). Socioemotional Development As a child’s life continues and their learning and compre- hension strategies strengthen, everything a child does is a learning experience. Young children gain social and emo- tional skills such as emotional regulation, sharing, and fol- lowing and comprehending directions. This comprehen- sion lays the framework for the development of reading, numeracy, and other cognitive talents required for aca-

Early Childhood: 18 months – 5 years. September 17, 2023 Two Developmental Theories Resources 2 Bowlby's evolutionary theory of attachment proposes that chil- dren are naturally inclined to create relationships with others to survive. Children will create multiple relationships, but one of them is genuinely special. He referred to this as fundamental attachment, or monotropy. This theory proposes that there is a key phase for attachment development of (2.5 years) and a sensitivity period of (5 years). If an attachment does not form throughout this time frame, it may not form at all. According to Bowlby's maternal deprivation theory, constant attachment disruption between the newborn and a parent may result in long-term cognitive, social, and emotional issues for that in- fant (Simply Psychology, 2023). Albert Bandura's social learning theory; Bandura’s theory; highlights the importance of observing, modeling, and mim- icking the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of oth- ers. Observational learning is a fundamental component of so- cial learning theory, in which people learn and adapt their be- havior by observing others. Observational learning is also an important component of social learning theory, in which peo- ple learn and adapt their be-havior by observing others. We are more likely to imitate the practices of persons that are similar to us. Because we are more likely to relate to these people, their behaviors appear more relevant and achievable. This can include common interests and ideals, as well as age, gender, and ethnicity (Simply Psychology,2023). Baker. (2019, December 4). Factors influenc- ing development | Infants/Toddlers Digital Info Kit . https://u.osu.edu/infantsandtoddlersdigital - infokit/2019/12/04/factors-influencing-devel - opment/ Grison, S., & Gazzaniga, M. (2021). Psychol- ogy in your life (4th ed.). Norton. ISBN-13: 9780393877533. Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023c). Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/ban - dura.html Mcleod, S., PhD. (2023b). John Bowlby’s at- tachment Theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bowl - by.html National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Toddler development. https://medlineplus.gov/tod - dlerdevelopment.html#:~:text=The%20normal %20development%20of%20children,%2C %20tasting%2C%20touching%2C%20and %20smelling Social and emotional development in early learning settings. (2023b, September 13). https://www.ncsl.org/human-services/social- and-emotional-development-in-early-learning- settings Toddler development and milestones. (n.d.-b). https://www.michigan.gov/mikidsmatter/par - ents/toddler/milestones#:~:text=It%27s %20during%20these%20years%20that,explore %20the%20world%20around%20them .

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