PSY 211 Discussion 3

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Human attachment is a complex, biologically based, and behavioral system where throughout the lifespan, “…the object of our attachments are special, irreplaceable people to whom we want to be close and from whom we derive a sense of security (Ainsworth, 1989 as cited in Sigelman & Rider, 2018.)” Infants generally begin to form attachments to their caregivers around 6 months as well as depend on their caregivers during the first couple years of life for not only survival but for emotional regulation as well. Per Dozier, Zeanah, and Bernard (2013,) it is critical that caregivers possess “key caregiving variables that influence a child’s early development.” These variables include synchrony, nurturance, stability of care, and commitment as they are key to positive outcomes for young children in the welfare system (Dozier et al, 2013.) There are numerous everyday situations in early life-span development that influences attachment styles. An unfortunate situation could be if a child is abused, neglected, or if they have a disruption in their relationship with a caregiver causing long term deleterious consequences (Dozier et al, 2013.) On the other hand, having a caregiver who applies nurturance, stability of care, and commitment to their caregiving style can influence a child to form a secure attachment leading that child to be more trusting, confident, and having healthier connections later in life. Bidirectionality requires functioning in two directions. Therefore, attachment is a bidirectional process as not only the child needs to form an attachment to their caregiver but the caregiver to the child as well. Bonding begins at birth, however, the process of synchrony, or a synchronized routine of give and take, deepens a caregiver’s attachment to a child and vice versa. Children with a disorganized-disoriented attachment style is described as the child, “…not have been able to devise consistent strategy for regulating their negative emotions; they seem frightened of their parent… (Sigelman & Rider, 2018.)” Therefore, the likelihood of psychological, behavioral, and emotional dysregulation occurring in long term development is more likely to occur for a person with a childhood experience of disorganized attachment. This is in stark contrast to children who have secure attachments to their caregivers. As a securely attached child shows confidence and a strong bond to their caregiver. Three main qualities distinguish children who were securely attached infants from those who were insecurely attached which are intellectual competence, social competence, and emotional regulation (Sigelman & Rider, 2018.) Emotional intelligence is related to attachment style. Self-control, empathy, responding appropriately to situations in daily life, and handling conflict are all significantly impacted by one's attachment style. Developing a positive attachment would consequently contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and reaction to one's own emotions as well as those of others. The two truly go hand in hand. References

Dozier, M., Zeanah, C. H., & Bernard, K. (2013). Infants and Toddlers in Foster Care. Child Development Perspectives , 7 (3), 166. Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2018). Life span human development (9th ed.). Cengage Learning Australia.

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