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Feb 20, 2024

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Sexual Orientation As a school counselor in training, I will probably encounter students who are experiencing difficulties because of their sexual orientation. One aspect I have never considered is: What is minority stress? The stress endured from being a part of an oppressed group is called minority stress, which can come in three different forms (Hays & Erford, 2022. The first form is external from others, such as bullying. LGBTQ youth are victims of bullying and cyberbullying more frequently than heterosexual students, with bisexuals having the highest rate of cyberbullying victimization (Angoff & Barnhart, 2021). The second form of minority stress is when the individual internalizes the anticipation of external stress (Hays & Erford, 2022). An example is when an LGBTQ is on guard, expecting to be bullied. The final form of minority stress is experienced when one internalizes what society thinks about them. An example would be when an LGBTQ person internalizes what heterosexuals think about them. Understanding what minority stress is has given me a view of what oppressed groups such as LGBTQ deal with daily. Another essential element is how belonging to multiple populations impacts individuals. For example, a black lesbian woman would be considered to belong to three groups. The more oppressed groups an individual identifies with, the greater the suicide risk becomes (Green et al., 2021). Furthermore, the intersecting population groups can conflict, creating additional stress. For example, according to McGoldrick et al. (2005), homosexuality is considered taboo in populations of African descent. With this knowledge, we know that the woman who is a black lesbian may receive oppression from within her black culture. This information made me realize it is imperative as a school counselor in training to understand individual cultures and how they intersect. Lastly, it is critical to use the terminology the client prefers when it comes to how they identify their sexual orientation (Hays & Erford, 2022). This is essential in building trust and a relationship with the client. With high stress and high suicide rates among LGBTQ, counselors must build a relationship and a safe place. God says, “Love your neighbor as yourself” ( New American Standard Bible , 1960/2000, Mark 12:31). Addressing a client by their preferred name does not mean I embrace their sexual orientation; instead, it is a way for me to show compassion. As a school counselor in training, I have learned about minority oppression, intersecting identities, and the importance of using preference names when working with LGBTQ. This has helped me further understand the importance of being a multicultural counselor in more areas than ethnicity. I look forward to learning more about how to be a multicultural counselor during the coursework of this class.

References Angoff, H. D., & Barnhart, W. R. (2021). Bullying and cyberbullying among LGBTQ and heterosexual youth from an intersectional perspective: Findings from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Journal of School Violence , 20 (3), 274– 286. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2021.1879099 Links to an external site. Green, A. E., Price, M. N., & Dorison, S. H. (2021). Cumulative minority stress and suicide risk among lgbtq youth. American Journal of Community Psychology , 69 (1-2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12553 Links to an external site. Hays, D., & Erford, B. (2022). Developing multicultural counseling competence: A systems approach (4th ed.). Pearson. McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J., & Garcia-Preto, N. (Eds.). (2005). Ethnicity and family therapy (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press. New American Standard Bible. (2000). Precept Ministries International. (Original work published 1960)

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