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Operant Extinction Diana Aguirre Department of ABA Foundations, Capella University PSYCH 4001: ABA Foundations Ph.D. Amanda Adams November 03, 2023

Operant Extinction My daughter is almost two years old. Her name is Dayana, and there's a behavior that I would like to implement extinction to change that behavior or have more control of that behavior. The behavior that I would like to change about Dayana is for her to stop throwing food to the floor. Usually, when it is time for dinner, Dayana is put in the highchair; as soon we put her plate in the highchair, she starts playing with the food and smashes it, and even when we are looking at her, she throws the food to the floor piece by piece. She will not eat anything. Dayana might not want to eat anything at dinner because during the day, she asks for snacks or her bottle, and that can be a problem, because that is why she starts throwing it on the floor instead of leaving it on the plate. Antecedents, Behavior and Consequences? For this scenario, the antecedent is putting a plate in Dayana's highchair. The behavior is that as soon as we all start eating and we lose an eye on her for a little bit, she starts throwing food on the floor. The consequence is that when she starts doing that, I always let her know that is not right and I tell her that if she does not stop, her plate will be removed from her table, but that does not stop her from throwing the food to the floor. Then my husband or I remove her plate from her table, and if she starts crying or having tantrums, she is removed from her

highchair. In the past, before we implemented these extinctions it was hard for us because I used to leave her with the plate in sight and will not continue these actions, that is why her crying and tantrums worsened and became more frequent instead of improving. Positive or Negative Reinforcement? First, Positive Reinforcement is when you add a stimulus after the behavior is performed, and Negative Reinforcement is when you take away undesirable consequences; since Dayana is throwing her food to the floor instead of eating it, her plate has been removed from her table, which can be considered a negative reinforcement since something is taken away. Also, taking away her plate of food has been withheld since she is throwing the food, and no plate of food is given until she shows more control, not yielding and crying. When the container was removed, Dayana started crying and presented tantrums because she wanted her dish back, and we pulled her from her highchair. To implement extinction on Dayana's behavior, I will hold her plate and wait for her until she calms down, crying and yielding. Then I would try to give her food, but she would get the plate back by herself until she learned that her actions have consequences if she throws food on the floor. Having Dayana crying and tantrums every time we do not let her throw her food on the floor. How to Reinforce Dayana’s Behavior Some procedures I can reinforce Dayana's throwing the food to the floor. One of them needs to give Dayana her plate. For example, I can give her the food in a spoon instead of her plate to see and observe if the scale is the problem for her not wanting the food. Another enjoyment of help is by not giving her candies, milk, or other kinds of snacks before food to see

if that increases her enjoyment of food instead of playing with the food. The last option that might work is keeping her plate and when we see she's been behaving, saying, “Nice job, Dayana, you can keep your plate,” but if the first time try Dayana starts crying and yielding, I won't give her anything, and I would hold her plate and dessert until see she calms down. Holding Dayana's plate and not giving her a scale might be helpful for her not wanting to throw food on the floor. Extinction Techniques Let's start thinking of some extinction techniques that would be most effective to reduce the target behavior of Dayana, maybe we give Dayana her own plate and as soon she starts throwing her food to the floor, would remove her own plate and have someone with her feeding her and not letting her food by herself. But I have been thinking about how this can work. It would be making sure she doesn’t get a lot of snacks or bottles of milk during the day and in that way, she would be hungry when her food is served. I think this might work because I've noticed that sometimes she does ask for her bottle a lot, and believing it or not, she might be full, and when she gets her plate of food, she only plays with the food instead of eating it. If this technique is implemented by feeding her the proper way and not letting her plate can increase her not throwing food to the floor again. For this scenario, it is important to withhold Dayana's plate until she is able to understand that the purpose of food is not to throw it on the floor but for eating. It is important that no matter what or how long Dayana cries or tantrums be patient and withhold her plate and do not give back the plate because in that way she can see that no matter what if she does not stop crying it will be her own way not our way. Lastly, I’m been implementing all this and I been noticing od

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