nervous system teas

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Nervous system The nervous system breaks off into two major divisions cns and pns , central nervous system and peripheral nervous systems. Cns is going to include your brain and your spinal cord this includes all the off the nerves within the two , everything that’s not in your brain and spinal cord is apart of pns, the pns breaks apart into the somatic and the autonomic your somatic system is under voluntary control , we can think of a movement and the somatic system will take care of it , somatic system affects your skeletal muscles , rolling a ball involves skeletal muscles. Autonomic is involutary control , you have no control over movement , it affects your smooth muscle , which includes heart muscles and glands , our diaphragm contracts without us thinking out heart beats automatically. Somatic could be exercising. Autonomic subdivides into symphathetic and parasymohathetic , your symphathetic system is known as your fight or flight its activated in situation we need to fight or flight stimulated by the four es , exercise , emergency, excitement and embarrasement, sympthathetic system is triggered by these four e’s. things that help you survive increased heatrate and force of contraction is putting more blood circulating through your body including muscles if you need to run, and higher respiratory rate and increase in dilation of the bronchi in the lungs and increased in pupil dilation , are there to help you survive. Parasympathetic is going to do the opposite its called the rest and digest , instead of heart rate increasing it is going to decrease , same for the respiratory rate , pupils will constrict , parasymphatethic is triggered by rest , maintains homeostatis , parasympathetic is the four d’s l diureios (to pee), digestions and deficate (to poo), to get pid of all waste. The cns is center. We have two major parts of the brain the cerebrum that includes four lobes , frontal , parital lobe , occipital (back), temporals and then you have your little brain you cerebellum. Attached to this is your spinal cord. Temporal lobe interprets sound , occipital lobe interprets vision, parietal interprets touch , frontal lobe interprets memory , behavior , judgement , problem solving and writer and motor speech(making a sound). The cerebellum helps coordinate voluntary mucscle movement or posture and balance cordiation. Brain stem includes three parts. First we have your mid brain , then your pons and you’re your medulla oblongana. The midbrain is pushed up into the brain a little more. After medulla it extends into the spinal cord. Meninges are a protective layer that cushion the brain and the spinal cord there are three layers , the first layer is the inner most layer and it is called your pia latter , it is attached to the brain tissues innermost layers , the pia matter contains blood vessels , the second layer is your arachnoid layer , it has csf in it cerebrospinal fluid , it protects and acts as a shock observers , the outer most layer is your dura matter.outside of that is you skull. Csf and meninges acts as a protecter of your brain , and acts as a shock incased you get hurt , it cushions so you don’t have any damage to the internal parts of the brain.dura is hard.structure of a neuron , a neuron is a specialized cell inside of the nervous system, the cell body interprets incoming signals and messages and generates the appropriate outgoing signals, the messages coming in are coming from the dendrites , dendrites receives incoming messages and going to cell body , the cell body reads the incoming messages and sends outgoing messages the outgoing messages leaving the

cells goes through to axon , axon is the pathways that signals use to leave the neuron , after the axon theres the axon terminals, which communicates with other cells , receiving information comes through the dendrites and gets interpreted through the cell body and the cell sends messages through the axon and its received at the axon terminals. On the axon we have the myelin sheath , it wraps around the axon and leaves spaces called the nodes of ranvier , these two allows the electrical impulse to jump from myelin sheath to myelin sheath , so nodes of ranvier and myelin sheath speeds up action potential (electrical impulse). In the cns your oligodendrocytes produce myelin and in your pns your schwann cells produces myelin , both myelins are doing the same thing, the synapse is our communication junction it can happen three ways , 1 between 1 nueron and another neuron , a action potention happening between 2 nuerons passed to next cells . 2 nueron to muscle=contraction 3.nueron to gland-hormone release. The synapse includes the axon terminals and it also includes the tips of the dendrites of the second cells, the dendrite is communicated here because its receiving information from the axon terminal of cell 1 into the next neuron. Inside of the axon terminal there are vesicles , that are holding nuerotransmitters , nuerontransmitters send messages , the vesicles need a signal to let the release the nuerotransmitters into the next cell . action potential is going to travel down the axon into the axon terminals , and open the the channels on the terminals , these openings are going to let calcium ion flow into the terminal (ca+) calcium is going to signal the vescicles to moves towards the dendrites and open up and release the nuerotransmitters they are going to go throught the synapse and be received by the second neuron. Action potentional reaches the axon terminal next calcium channels open , as calcium goes into terminal it open ups and tells vescicles to release nuerotransmitters and it is received by the next cell. Cells in the nervous system includes our neurons and glia cells also known as nueronglia. Cns and pns have different glial cells. The glial cells in the cns have*** astrocytes , which is metabolic and structural support , then you have microglia which remove debris and then ***oligodendrocytes , which makes mylelin in the cns , then you have ependymal cover and line cavaties , in your pns you have ***satellite cells which are support cells and the you have ***schwann cells which make yelin in your pns , the relex arc is the moment you have a sensation on your body how does it transmit impulse to cns and how cns respond to body with appropriate message.end of the dendrites where a stimulus is detected is called a receptor, recepetor is the first part of the reflex arc. The second part is the sensory neuron / afferent neuron , then 3 is the interneurons which is the bridge between sensory and motor neurons , and the 4 th is called the motor neuron/efferent neuron. The next reached the effector is either a mucle gland. Sensory or afferent is sending a message towards your cns . sensory , afferent nervous system sending message to the cns from the pns , motor neuron / efferent neurons sending message from cns to the body

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