W 4 D 1 Child Custody and risk assessment of sexual abuse and violence

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Oct 30, 2023

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The first article I read, “Reliability and Validity of Behavior Observation Coding Systems in Child Maltreatment Risk Evaluation: A Systemic Review (Zumbach et al., 2021), the authors discuss the importance of scientific and practical improvements when it comes to developing, selecting, and utilizing methods that are able to, as accurately as possible, detect, assess, and prevent risk. Forensic psychologists abide by the ethics code in the duty to “provide relevant, professionally sound results or opinions in matters where a child’s health and welfare may have been and/or may be harmed” (American Psychological Association, 2013). A core method in assessing the risk of future child abuse and neglect is behavioral observation of the interaction between the parent and the child. Along with behavioral observation is the encompassment of file analysis, parent interviews, child interviews, psychometric testing, and analyzing third-party reports. It is noted that the observations themselves do not specifically reveal sexual or physical abuse, observations can point out the neglect of the child’s physical needs, which is better described as pointing out the risk factors for predicting potential future abuse/re-abuse of a child. It is important to also incorporating the observance of adaptive parenting behavior in order to achieve an unbiased status of the assessment. The second article I read approached the topic of credibility assessment in child abuse investigations (Melkman et al., 2017). Child sexual abuse case investigations are centered around the child’s reports. It is highly likely with these cases that there is not additional physical or hard evidence to accompany the report, and there are not witnesses to corroborate or refute the report. To this day, there is not a single reliable method that can discern between true and false statements. They discuss the focus on the ability of the professional to accurately evaluate the testimony of the child. There are a few verbal tools that are utilized such as the Criterion Based Content Analysis (CBCA), and Statement Validity Analysis (SVA), paired with observing behavioral cues during the interview with the child. With the analysis of studies and the different methods used by professionals during child testimony interviews, it was found that on average, 1/3 of the judgements on whether the child’s testimony displayed accuracy in the events that took place were incorrect judgements, and that globally, there is only a slightly higher level of accuracy than that of chance attributed to professional judgements. References:
Zumbach, J., Oster, A., Rademacher, A., & Koglin, U. (2022). Reliability and validity of behavior observation coding systems in child maltreatment risk evaluation: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31 (2), 545-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02160-6 Melkman, E. P., Hershkowitz, I., & Zur, R. (2017). Credibility assessment in child sexual abuse investigations: A descriptive analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67 , 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.027
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