PSY 328 Module Five Activity

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PSY 328 Module Five Activity Template First, read the Shapiro Library articles, Psychologist Stanley Milgram Begins Obedience-to-Authority Experiments , Stanford Prison Experiment , and Moving Personality Beyond the Person-Situation Debate . Next, complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Your responses should each be about 2 to 5 sentences in length. ● Analyzing Psychological Experiments o Describe the major takeaways from the Milgram experiments. The takeaway I found from these experiments was that the average person is very susceptible to the influence of authority figures. We as a society are taught to trust and follow those in authoritative positions such as teachers, police, and those in government. It helps explain why such events like the Holocaust happened the way they did and why no one seemingly tried to fight against it (Fleeson, 2004). o Describe the major takeaways from the Stanford prison experiment. Some major takeaways from the Stanford experiment are that if no one objects to what is happening, the situation will possibly get worse. It also brought about the “bystander effect,” where ‘good’ people in powerful positions will do nothing when those in authoritative positions are doing wrong because they don’t want to be chastised (Lurigio, 2023). o Describe the ethical implications of these experiments. These experiments failed to meet the ethical requirements needed in human experiments. There was a lack of regard for the safety and sanctity of human life. If Milgram had been honest about the purpose of the experiment up front, then the participants would have been able to choose whether to participate or not. Milgram was denied tenure because of his experiments. The Stanford prison experiment showed a lack of ethics by Zimbardo which in turn led to the unethical treatment by the guards. The mental health and physical safety of the participants were not considered. ● Implications of the Person-Situation Debate o Describe examples of behaviors that highlight trait-based stability in the workplace or school. An extroverted student who engages easily and often with other students is exhibiting trait-based behavior. Conversely, an introverted student who sits alone at lunch every day is also exhibiting behaviors that are trait-based. The continuation of these traits consistently shows they are trait-based. o Describe examples of behaviors that highlight personality states in the workplace or school. Personality states are easily seen at school with students as they traverse their world of experiences. They can be observed in how a student may be a “theater kid” as well as an athlete can be a way to view different personality states. 1

o Explain how your perspectives on your interactions with others might be impacted by the person-situation debate. I think the arguments for interactionism have the greatest impact on my perspective of how I interact with others. The situation is an important indicator of how I will interact, yet my key personality traits will always underlie my behaviors. I am generally an introverted person. I listen before I speak, I do not seek out attention or conversation in most situations, yet when I am in my comfort zone with my small group of friends I engage in conversation and hide my introversion well. With interactionism the situation is primary, but personality exists (Fleeson 2004). o In Module Three, you were asked the extent to which you thought personality could change over time. Explain whether your response to that question has changed or stayed the same as a result of studying the person-situation debate. Having studied the person-situation debate, my opinion is that personality traits are fixed to a degree. They may change slightly as we develop and gain new experiences, but they will still be somewhat fixed. I spent a year in therapy learning how to hold my ground regarding my morals and beliefs because I struggled with family trauma and constantly being manipulated, gaslit, and pushed around by others. While I am now able to say no and stand firm in my decisions, I still struggle with it from time to time, but not to the debilitating extreme I had before. My response has changed. Initially, I thought personality traits change over time, but it is the states that change, the traits are relatively fixed. References Davidson, M. S. (2022). Psychologist Stanley Milgram Begins Obedience-to-Authority Experiments. Salem Press Encyclopedia . Fleeson, W. (2004). Moving personality beyond the person-situation debate. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(2), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00280.x Lurigio, A. J. (2023). Stanford prison experiment. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Health . 2

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