Technical Report

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Brigham Young University, Idaho *

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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December 1, y Screen Time and Well Being Screen Time and Well Being Carefree Consulting Group Brigham Young University Idaho October 31, 2023

December 1, y Screen Time and Well Being Introduction Technology has continued to advance at a rapid pace. For many, it holds a common place in our everyday lives. Cellphones were once considered to be an item of luxury but are now a must have in people’s lives. In 2021 97% of Americans owned a cell phone (Pew Research 2021). 91% of children have cell phones by age 14(Miller, C. 2023). Oberserving these numbers it is apparent how common devices are among young and old alike. Devices can be used as a form of communication as well as learning new information. We now have at our fingertips access to millions of articles and videos to satisfy whatever it is we desire to know. Though having instant access to information is useful, there has been concern that it could also be harmful to those who overuse technology. What is being replaced in our lives by the increased use of devices? Perhaps the greatest concern is that our devices are replacing personal interactions among people. Though it seems ironic that a communication device would be hindering our ability to communicate we would be wise to take a step back and examine the reality of our communication deficiencies. We no longer have to speak face to face with a person if we do not desire to do so, instead we can hide behind the screen of our device. We no longer have to walk through the doors of a library to search for a book or walk through the doors of a store to shop. These once common activities have now been replaced with the touch of a finger and access to the world wide web. Many people choose to use their devices as the primary source of communication which is replacing the ability to socially interact. Adolescents now tend to prefer social media platforms and other online sources as their form of communication with others. It would be advisable for society to take a look at the possible adverse effects of this tendency. With in person communication being replaced by on line communication, are adverse effects being noted? Does this lack of personal communication and physical interactions with others increase the likelihood of experiencing mental health issues such as anxiety and depression? Those who are defenders of the use of devices stand firm on the belief that it is possible to form strong connections with others virtually. In fact, results of a study concluded that “83% of adolescents say that social media makes them feel more connected to their friends, and 68% say that they have received social support using digital technologies in tough or challenging times. Thus, there is good reason to think that digital engagement, in moderation, may not be disruptive, and may even support development” (Pryzbylski, A.K. &Weinstein, N. 2017). The numbers would indicate that adolescents feel comfortable with and confident in turning to virtual sources as a way to communicate and connect with others. It is clear to that there are positives and negatives to the use of devices. In efforts to determine the actual impact among college students BYUI conducted a survey to gather data to see if screen time is exacerbating anxiety and depression. This survey also wanted to determine whether or not students screen time use had a negative impact on their feelings of well-being. The survey was conclusive in showing that those who participated in activities that involved

December 1, y Screen Time and Well Being interactions with others had a higher sense of well-being. With this information, it is Carefree Consulting Groups recommendation that the Universities wellness program move forward in their week-long campus-wide awareness campaign to encourage students to reduce their screen time. During this campaign, we would suggest that the University provide a variety of activities that include personal interactions between students. These activities should include a wide variety that would be inclusive of the large demographic of students that attend BYUI. Methods Survey Information To measure a student’s perceived wellness, the survey used the PANAS-GEN Scale. You can find more information about the scale here: https://www.brandeis.edu/roybal/docs/PANAS-GEN_website_PDF.pdf Other questions were adapted from a longitudinal survey from Twenge, Martin, and Campbell. Source : Twenge, J.M., Martin, G.N., & Campbell, W.K. (2018). Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology. Emotion, Advanced online publication. https://byui.instructure.com/courses/4281/files/36770810/download?wrap=1 Delivery: The survey was administered online using a Google survey tool with links distributed to students enrolled in the ENG 301 course through the course LMS. Sample: The number of survey participants may be extrapolated from the data tables. All participants were BYU-Idaho students. Survey Scoring Wellness Levels: Low, Medium, and High indicate wellness levels, and the Count is the number of survey respondents in each wellness category. Wellness levels were calculated using the results of the first survey question which asked respondents to rate how the generally felt using the following scale:  Very slightly or not at all  A little  Moderately  Quite a bit  Extremely.

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