Exam 4 (Chapter 5 Learning Only)

EXAM 4 (Chapter 5 – Learning) PSYCHOLOGY 100 Dr. Welch NAME_______________________________________ 1. A boy is teaching his younger sister how to make her bed. At first, he tells her she did a good job if she gets the bedspread pulled up, even if the sheets are still rumpled. Each following day, he encourages her to be a little neater before telling her she did a good job. The boy may not know it, but he is using a. punishment. b. a technique that will eventually get her to make his bed, too. c. a fixed-interval schedule. d. shaping by successive approximations. 2. A man and woman are farm workers. The man is paid every week for his work, while the woman is paid for every two bushels of fruit she picks. The man is under a ________ schedule of reinforcement and the woman is under a ________ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed-ratio; variable-interval b. fixed-interval; variable-ratio c. fixed-ratio; fixed-interval d. fixed-interval; fixed-ratio 3. At first, when Johnny’s mom smacked him in the back of the head, he used to get very angry. Overtime, he stopped behaving angrily toward her when she repeatedly smacked him. This is an example of ______________. a. negative reinforcement b. classical c. operant conditioning d. habituation e. a beat down 4. Negative reinforcement ________ response probability by the ________ following a response. a. increases; presentation of an appetitive stimulus b. increases; removal, reduction, or prevention of an aversive stimulus c. decreases; presentation of an appetitive stimulus d. decreases; removal, reduction, or prevention of an aversive stimulus 5. Which of the following behaviors is most likely to have been acquired through the process of classical conditioning? a. blinking when a light shines in your eyes b. falling off your bicycle when you hit a bump c. wincing when you hear the dentist's drill d. sneezing when an irritant enters your nose cavity 6. A boy is sent to his room and is not allowed to watch television until he can do so without yelling and jumping in the living room. When he returns to the living room, he sits down quietly. The boy's change in behavior is an illustration of a. positive reinforcement. b. positive punishment. c. negative reinforcement. d. negative punishment. 7. A new dog owner is trying to use classical conditioning to train her dog to blink whenever she says "Blink." She blows into his eyes, then says "Blink," but the dog is not learning to blink at her command. To improve her training technique, she should a. not say "Blink" until after the dog has blinked. b. say "Blink" before blowing into the dog's eyes. c. say "Blink" without blowing into the dog's eyes. d. say “Who let the dogs out?... Woot… woot woot woot!” and repeat e. say “Blink” while blowing into the dog’s eyes, even while it is sleeping

8. A girl classically conditions her dog to blink by blowing into her dog's eyes just after saying "Blink." Unfortunately, her parrot overhears the procedure, and says "Blink" all day long when the girl is out. When she returns, the girl says "Blink" to her dog, but he does not blink. It appears as though a. the dog is now under the parrot's control. b. spontaneous recovery has occurred. c. the dog's forgot how to perform the task. d. extinction has taken place. 9. In a typical classical conditioning experiment, a neutral stimulus is a. repeatedly paired with the unconditioned response (UCR). b. repeatedly paired with the conditioned stimulus (CS). c. not paired with any other stimulus. d. repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). 10. Positive reinforcement ________ the probability of a behavior over time; negative reinforcement ________ the probability of a behavior over time. a. decreases; decreases b. increases; increases c. increases; decreases d. decreases; increases 11. A child who had his arm bitten off by one dog developed a fear response to all dogs is consistent with_______ a. being a cry baby b. classical conditioning c. discrimination d. stimulus generalization e. acquisition 12. What is spontaneous recovery? a. a conditioned response to a stimulus that followed the unconditioned stimulus b. a response to a stimulus that resembles the stimulus used in training c. a learned decrease in responding d. an increase in responding after a delay following extinction e. getting back to hittin’ the bottle, so to speak 13. If two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not, then it is called stimulus _______________. a. reorganization b. generalization c. follow-up d. discrimination e. groove 14. Which of the following statements about learning is NOT true? a) Learning is another word for “maturation.” b) Learning is relatively permanent. c) Learning involves changes in behavior. d) Learning involves experiences. 15. The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was _____________. a) Skinner b) Dr. Dre c) Tolman d) Kohler e) Pavlov 16. A mother tells a young child that when her father comes home, he will spank her because she was bad. One negative consequence of this punishment is that _________. a) the child will hide from her father and try to avoid him b) the child will lie to her father and say she never was bad c) the child will experience fear and anxiety, which are emotions that do not promote learning. d) All of these negative consequences may occur as they are known consequences of punishment 17. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called ____. a) stimulus generalization b) stimulus adaptation c) response generalization d) transfer of habit strength