Stats Assignment 1_-2

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Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023 Stats Assignment 1: 1. A research group is interested in investigating whether room lighting has an influence on memory recall. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: either the bright lighting group or the dim lighting group. Thirty participants were asked to study a list of words for two minutes in a brightly lit room (i.e., the standard lighting used in research testing rooms) and a different group of 30 participants were presented with the same list of words to study for two minutes in a dimly lit room. Following a short delay, both groups were tested on their memory of the word list. The number of words correctly recalled by each participant was recorded and comprises the data. The objective of the research group was to determine if there is a difference in the number of words recalled when studying word lists in a brightly lit room (i.e., standard research room) versus a dimly lit room. (6 marks total) Use the data file, RoomLighting.csv (available on eClass) as needed to answer the following: a. State the hypotheses for this statistical test using proper notation/symbols. (1 mark) There was a mean difference when comparing the difference in the number of words recalled when studying word lists in a brightly lit room versus a dimly lit room. Null Hypothesis: H0: The number of words correctly recalled by dimly lit participants was not significantly higher than brightly lit participants H0: u1 - u2 = 0 Alternative hypothesis H1: The number of words correctly recalled by dimly lit participants was significantly higher than brightly lit participants. H 1 : µ 1 - µ 2 ≠ 0 b. Does the data meet all the assumptions of the appropriate statistical test? Why or why not? (To be eligible for full marks, please include screenshots of the relevant part of the jamovi output to support your answers) (2 marks)

Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023

Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023 The data does meet all the assumptions of the appropriate statistical test due to the fact that the mean and median are very similar in values. Another reason is that in the histograms, our two plots for both the brightly lit group and dimly lit group have unimodal shape, with little to none outliers. The last reason is that our p values for our Levene’s test has a higher value than .05 meaning the data meets the appropriate assumptions for the statistical test. c. Conduct the appropriate statistical test in jamovi and include a screenshot of the main analysis table from jamovi as your answer to this question. (1 mark) d. Make a decision about the null hypothesis using α = .05 . Write up the results of this statistical test in APA format, relating your decision back to the research question. Be sure to include all elements of the write up that are required as per class examples. (2 marks)

Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023 An Independent-measures t test was conducted to evaluate the differences between the number of words correctly recalled by each participant. The dimly lit group ( M= 5.53, SD=2.06) was significantly higher than the brightly lit group ( M= 5.17, SD= 2.85), t (58) = -0.570, p = 0.571, d= 0.95, 95% CI [-1.65, 0.920].

Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023 2. Inhibitory control, a key component of executive functions, involves the ability to inhibit automatic but incorrect responses and is commonly assessed via the Go/No-Go task. Executive function abilities like inhibitory control develop rapidly in early childhood and have been shown to contribute to early school success. The Go/No-Go task is frequently used to assess inhibitory control in children. In this task, children are told to respond to one stimulus on go trials but make no response to another stimulus on no-go trials. For example, children may be instructed to respond as quickly as possible with a button press to white shapes, but not pink shapes, on a computer screen. Children are told to respond as quickly as possible, as this is a reaction time task. Responding on no-go trials is assumed to reflect a failure to inhibit the go response. The dependent variable in Go/No-Go tasks is the commission error rate: making a “go” response on “no-go” trials (e.g., incorrectly responding with a button press to pink shapes when one should only respond with a button press to white shapes). Thus, fewer commission errors signify better inhibitory control abilities. In recent years, several types of training programs aimed at enhancing executive functions like inhibitory control have been proposed (i.e., Diamond & Lee, 2011; Traverso et al., 2015). Imagine the following scenario: Researchers have just developed a new training intervention program aimed at fostering inhibition skills through a series of activities that require progressively higher level of inhibitory control. Eight child participants completed a Go/No-Go task prior to participating in the training invention, and then again after completing the training intervention. The number of commission errors made during the Go/No-Go task were recorded and comprises the data. Given the exploratory nature of this newly created intervention, the researchers want to know if the number of commission errors changed following the new training invention. (10 marks total). Use the data file, InhibitionErrors.csv (available on eClass) as needed to answer the following: a. State the hypotheses for this statistical test using proper notation/symbols. (1 mark) There was a significant mean difference with the eight participants prior to participating in the training intervention in which commission errors were recorded and then again after completing the training intervention. H 0 : μ pretest = μ posttest ; H 1 : μ prestest ≠ μ posttest Null hypothesis: The number of commission errors did not change following the new training invention H 0 : μ pretest = μ posttest ; Alternate hypothesis: The number of commission errors did change following the new training invention

Wesley McCutcheon October 16th, 2023 H 1 : μ prestest ≠ μ posttest b. Do the data meet all the assumptions of the appropriate statistical test (i.e., assumption checks)? Why or why not? (To be eligible for full marks, please include screenshots of the relevant part of the jamovi output to support your answers) (1 mark) The data does meet all the assumptions of the appropriate statistical test due to the fact that the p-value is larger than our alpha level of .05. c. Calculate the t -statistic by hand. Note, this involves a series of steps and calculations (e.g., one of those steps involves calculating sum of squares). Please show all your work and calculations for each step to be eligible for full marks. Refer to the InhibitionErrors.csv file to retrieve the data for your calculations. (4 marks)

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