Psyc 2660 FINAL EXAM SAMPLE

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Dec 6, 2023

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SPORT PSYCHOLOGY FINAL EXAM SAMPLE Chapter 1: Questions 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 23 (1) What is behaviour, generally and technically? Describe three sport examples that are not in this chapter. Generally: Something we say or do Technically: The muscular, glandular, and electrical activity. (2) What are three synonyms for behaviour? Synonym: activity, action, reaction, response (4) How do many people use general terms such a intelligence, attitude and personality? Illustrate an example Many people use quite general terms from traditional psychology, such as “Intelligence, attitudes, and personality, as thought they refer to causes of behaviours. Example: Mary does well in school because she has high intelligence (5) What is a behavioural perspective of such traditional psychological terms, as intelligence, attitude and personality? Illustrate a behavioural interpretation of one of them it’s reference to an example. Behavioural perspective of intelligence, attitude, and personality, refers to the kinds of behaviours which a person displays. Example: A college athlete describe as “intelligent” readily learns plays from the team playbook, performs well on most course examinations, and enjoy spending time on the computer surfing the internet.

(10) What is behaviour analysis? Behaviour Analysis : The study of scientific laws that governs the behaviour of human and animals behaviours modification or applied behaviour analysis. (12) What is behavioural sport psychology? Behavioural sport psychology : involves the use of behaviour analysis principles and techniques to enhance the performance and satisfaction of athletes and others associated with sports. (15) What are three synonyms for stimulus when a stimulus precedes and influences behaviour? Synonyms: Cue, Signal, or Prompt. (17) According to many psychologists what does the word “cognition” mean? Many psychologist use the Cognition as meaning: Belief, thought, expectancy and attitude (19) What two assumptions does the author make concerning cognitions? Two assumption concerning about cognition is that it is assumed to be covert behaviours and assumed that behavioural principles and techniques that apply to overt behaviours also applicable to covert behaviours. (20) List three reasons that behavioural sport psychology researchers commonly use single- subject research designs. 3 reasons why researchers commonly use single subject research design:

a. They require assessment of individual athletic performance across several practices / competitions which is very useful information for such athletes and coaches. b. Athlete’s and coaches commonly accept such research designs because few participants are needed, and soon all participants experience the intervention. c. Rather than use personality questionnaires, they require assessment of athletic behaviours or outcomes of such behaviours. (23) What three questions does social validity address? a. What do the athletes (and perhaps the coach and parent) think about the goals of the intervention? b. What do they think about the procedures suggested by the consultant? c. What do they think about the result produced by those procedures. Chapter 2: Questions 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 15, 17, 18 (2) Define Behavioural assessment Behavioural Assessment: Concerned with Identifying and describing a target behaviour, Identifying the cause of the behaviour, selecting an appropriate program treatment strategy to modify the behaviour, and evaluating treatment outcome. (4) Briefly list four general topics that might be discuses by a sport psychologist in the first “session” with an athlete 4 General Topics: 1. Explain confidentiality 2. Briefly Describe your background 3. Talk about Sport Psychology 4. Clarify Misconception about sport psychology

(5) Describe four misconceptions that many people have about sport psychology-Explain why each is a misconception. 4 Misconceptions about sport psychology 1. To do well in a competition, you have to get yourself psyched up 2. Sport psychology alone can make one a super athlete 3. Sport psychologist only consult with athletes at competition 4. To get really good at mental preparation, all you have to do is talk to a sport psychologist. (7) What is across-sport behavioural checklist? Across-Sport Behavioural Checklist: List performance aspect of practices and/or competitions that apply to a number of different sport. (8) What is a within-sport behavioural checklist? What are the benefits of such checklists, and how do they differ from traditional psychological assessment? Within Sport Checklist: List performances access of practices/competition for a particular sport. Benefits : provide a quick, and reasonably thorough, identification of areas in which the athlete already performs well, as well as areas in need of improvement. Difference : They differ from traditional psychological tests such as the 16-personality factor inventory in that the within-sport behavioural checklists do not have norms and they are not designed to measure character or personality traits.

(13) List six objective dimensions for describing behaviour. 6 objective dimensions for describing behaviour: 1. Topography 2. Frequency, 3. Intensity 4. Duration 5. Stimulus Control 6. Latency (15) What are two reasons for being specific in the identification of target behaviours? 2 reasons for being specific in the identification of target behaviours 1. Help to ensure the reliability of detecting improvements in the behaviour 2. Increases the likelihood that the treatment program will be applied consistently. (17) Name and describe 3 minimal phases of a behavioural treatment program. 1. Baseline Phase: the target behaviour is assessed in order to determine its level prior to the introduction of the intervention. 2. Treatment phase: after the initial baseline assessment, during which the BSP intervenes in various ways to attempt to help the athlete. 3. Follow-up Phase: sometimes carried out to determine whether the improvements achieved during treatment are maintained after the athlete stops meeting with the BSP. (18) What is a baseline? Briefly describe the baseline conditions in Coach Keedwell’s program with swimmers?

Baseline: The target behaviour is assessed in order to determine its level prior to the introduction of the intervention. IN coach Keedwell’s obtained a baseline of the number of missed turns and unscheduled stops of the swimmers. Chapter 3: Questions 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24 (4) what is meant by internal validity? Illustrate with a sport example Internal validity : if independent variable cause the observed changes in the dependent variable Example: A golfer performs a wide swing, hitting the golf ball. (6) Identify a limitation of the reversal replication design, and illustrate it with a sport example. Limitation of the reversal replication design: - It may be undesirable or impossible to obtain a reversal. Example: (7) Describe briefly, with a reference to a sport example, a multiple-baseline design across people Multiple baseline Design across people : a. With this design, baseline data was taken concurrently across all subjects. b. Then the intervention was introduced to the first subject while the other subjects remained on baseline. c. Then, in a staggered fashion across the remaining subjects, the intervention was introduced. Example: A coach records swimmers time on laps during practices and competitions and compare them to each other.

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