Assignment 2 Psych 2660

.docx

School

University of Manitoba *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

2260

Subject

Psychology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by ChefCrown4802

Joshua Pabiz 7868948 Sport Psychology: Assignment 2 Chapter 5: Questions 5, 9*, 10*, 13*, 14*, 16, 18*, 19 5) Describe four factors that influence the effectiveness of modelling as a behaviour modification technique. 1. People are more likely to imitate someone who is similar to them in various ways than someone who is quite different from them. (Example: Their physical appearance, socioeconomic status) 2. One is more likely to imitate individual as component or pro-efficient techniques at obtaining consequences than individuals who are seen less pro-efficient at doing so. 3. The number of individuals modelling a particular behaviour is a factor determining whether or not that behaviour might be initiated. (Example: A young athlete would attempt a skill if it is modelled by three or four peers than if it is just modelled by one peer.) 4. Modelling as a behaviour modification strategy is most effective when combined with appropriate instructions (Show and tell is more effective than “show” or “tell”) 9*) Define frequency of behaviour, and describe and example that is not in this chapter. Frequency of Behaviour : The number of repetition that a player practice on a particular move/set. Example: A young athlete who practices shooting in basketball makes about 100 shots every morning before and after practice. 10*) Define duration of behaviour, and describe an example that is not in this chapter. Duration of Behaviour: the length of time spent on a task by an athlete. Example: A young athlete does 5 min planks before starting his day and before going to bed.

Joshua Pabiz 7868948 13*) List the three steps typically followed in an application of shaping and describe an example of the three steps for shaping specific target behaviour of an athlete, that was not in this chapter. 1. Identify the final target behaviour in terms of one or more of its dimensions Example:A spiker in a volleyball team lack the reaction time, and misses to spike the ball after being set to him. (Latency) 2. Identify a starting behaviours that the individual currently emits and that approximates the target behaviour Example: Spiker watching the ball to be set to him/her, jumping the moment the ball reaches the apex and starts falling, and finally having the hand make contact with the ball and spiking it. 3. Reinforce successive approximations from the starting behaviour to the final target behaviour across trials. Example: Being able to score a point and getting praise from coach and teammates. 14*) Define fading, and describe and example that is not in this chapter. Fading : The gradual change over successive trials of an antecedent stimulus that controls an operant response so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new antecedent stimulus. Example: A basketball coach will model to new young athletes the proper stance and form of shooting and as time progresses when the beginner players started to adapt on how to shoot, the coach will start to fade on modelling of form and stance of shooting. 16) Briefly describe the procedure called graduated guidance. Graduated Guidance : When fading is used by an instructor, it is common for the instructor to consistently provide positive reinforcement for correct response across fading trials.

Joshua Pabiz 7868948 18*) What is a behavioural chain? Describe a sport example that is not in this chapter. Behavioural Chain: Consistent sequence of stimuli and responses that follow each other closely in time, and which terminates in a reinforcer. Example: 8 ball Pool/Billiards: - Stick(Cue) on one hand and white ball on the other analyzing the table where to break. - positions the stick(cue) in front of the white ball and decide where to break. - Player swings arm back and forward breaking. 19) List the three steps typically followed in the total-task chaining strategy 1. List the sequence of responses (or components, or stimulus-response link) they should occur in the chain. 2. Arrange practice opportunities in which athlete is instructed to perform the entire sequence in the proper order in each occasion 3. Provide corrective feedback and positive reinforcements as needed until chain occurs currently several times in succession. Chapter 6: Questions 3*, 5*, 7, 8, 14, 20, 23 3*) What is partial rule? Describe a sport example that is not in this chapter. Which of the three aspects of a rule does your example specify. Partial Rule: Rules that do not identify all three aspect (antecedents, behaviour, and consequence) of a reinforcement. Example: 8 ball pool: Specify (behaviour): don’t hit any other ball but the white ball Imply (Antecedents): When striking in pool

Joshua Pabiz 7868948 Imply (Consequences): It fill be a foul ball and opponent will get to position the white ball anywhere. 5*) Define rule-governed behaviour and give sport example that is not in this chapter Rule-Governed Behaviour: Behaviour that is controlled by the statement of a rule. Example: A basketball team was instructed by the coach that if they didn’t hit an out of bounds during a game the coach will then treat them to buy food after. This made the player motivated and focused on not having any out of bonds, getting them free food after the game. 7) Describe two typical differences between contingency-learned versus rule-governed behaviour 1. Contingency Learned behaviour is typically strengthened gradually through trial and error, while the other leads to immediate behaviour change. 2. Contingency learned behaviour involves immediate consequences while other often involves in delayed consequences 8) Describe three plausible explanation of why we learn to follow rules which have delayed consequences 1. Although the reinforcer identified in a rule be delayed for an individual, other people might provide immediate consequence if the individual follows (or not follow) the rule. 2. An individual might follow a rule and then immediately make reinforcing statement to him or herself. 3. Our learning history with respect and emotions is such that following rules is automatically strengthened failure to follow rules is automatically punished by what we feel.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780134477961

Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White

Publisher:PEARSON

Cognitive Psychology

Psychology

ISBN:9781337408271

Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.

Publisher:Cengage Learning,

Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...

Psychology

ISBN:9781337565691

Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)

Psychology

ISBN:9780393265156

Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga

Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company

Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...

Psychology

ISBN:9781285763880

Author:E. Bruce Goldstein

Publisher:Cengage Learning

Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)

Psychology

ISBN:9781305652958

Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:PEARSON
Cognitive Psychology
Psychology
ISBN:9781337408271
Author:Goldstein, E. Bruce.
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and ...
Psychology
ISBN:9781337565691
Author:Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer, Tanya S. Martini
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Psychology in Your Life (Second Edition)
Psychology
ISBN:9780393265156
Author:Sarah Grison, Michael Gazzaniga
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Cognitive Psychology: Connecting Mind, Research a...
Psychology
ISBN:9781285763880
Author:E. Bruce Goldstein
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Theories of Personality (MindTap Course List)
Psychology
ISBN:9781305652958
Author:Duane P. Schultz, Sydney Ellen Schultz
Publisher:Cengage Learning