sports psyc assignment and application 1

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Assignement #1 and Application Exercice #1- Sports Psychology Chapter 1 3. Distinguish between covert and overt behavior. Give an example of each that is not in this chapter. - Covert behaviors are internal activities that cannot be monitored by others. Example: a hockey player is on a breakaway during a game and thinks to himself “I better not miss this goal.” - Overt behaviors are external activities that can be seen by others. Example: a baseball player misses his swing and throws his bat on the ground. 7. For what 2 reasons does this book place emphasis on identifying specific behaviors that characterize athletic performance, rather than using general summary labels for behavior? - First reason being that no matter the label attached to the athlete, it’s behavioral deficits and behavioral excesses that make the athlete look for help from a sports psychologist. - Second reason being, there are specific procedures that are available that can be applied during practices and competitions to surpass these behavioral deficits and excesses. 8. What is behavioral deficit? Give 2 sport examples that are not in this chapter - Behavioral deficits is a lack of a specific type of behavior. Example 1. A football player, a quarterback, practicing his defence instead of his throwing. 2. A track runner skipping practices and showing up to the track meet without doing warmups and going straight into the races. 9. What is behavioral excess? Give 2 sport examples that are not in this chapter. - Behavioral excess is too much of a specific type of behavior. Example 1 . A hockey player argues with the referee every time a call is made towards him. 2. A tennis player misses her shot during a match and throws her racket on the ground.

14. How does this book define the term for stimuli? Give 3 sport examples not in this chapter. - This book defines stimuli as “specific variables in one’s intermediate surroundings that impinge on one’s sense receptors and can affect behavior.” (Martin & Pear, 2019) Example 1. A swimmer hears the sound of a starting pistol go off, this causes his heart rate to go faster and get a rush of adrenaline. 2 . A crowd cheering and clapping can encourage the football team to get the winning point in the last seconds of the game. 3. The referee at a volleyball game blows his whistle and says “serve”, the opposing team squats into a receiving position and their heart beats faster. 16. What are 3 things that are not included in behavioral analysis procedures? - 3 things that are not included in behavioral analysis procedures are drugs, hypnosis, and traditional psychological and personality tests. 21 . List 6 characteristics of behavioral sports psychology. 1. Emphasis on defining an athlete’s goal or problem in terms of behavior that can be measured in a way and using changes in behavioral measures as the best indicator of the extent to which the athlete needs help. 2. Treatment procedures and techniques are ways of rearranging antecedents and consequences of an athlete’s behavior to help them perform the best they can. 3. Behavioral psychology/ treatment procedures and techniques are based on the principles and procedures of respondent conditioning and operant conditioning. 4. Interprets cognitive techniques in terms od operant and respondent conditioning of covert and overt behaviors. 5. Behavioral sports psychology researchers have commonly used single subject research designs. 6. Places high value on the accountability for everyone involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of a sports psychology program.

Chapter 2 1. What target behaviors for the swimmers were selected by Coach Keedwell? - The targeted behaviors selected by Coach Keedwell were the swimmers failing to execute a racing turn and stopping momentarily during a set. 6. Describe the 4 main areas of athletic preparation. For each area, list a relevant item from the Sports Psychology Questionnaire for Basketball Players. - physical: they must be in excellent shape physically; getting enough sleep, drinking water, eating good food (SPQBP) - technical: technical skills must be correct, practiced and second nature to them; “improving your consistency and fine tuning the skills you already have” (SPQBP) - tactical: must have a game plan for how to deal with certain situations during competitions; “identifying and reacting to your opponents’ weaknesses and making adjustments as the game progresses” (SPQBP) - psychological: refers generally to mental preparation; “thinking positive thoughts” (SPQBP) 11 . What is a slump in sports? Describe an example that is not in this chapter and that illustrates all 3 aspects of the definition. - A slump is an unexpected decline in athletic performance that occurs for a sufficient amount of time. Example: a basketball player cannot make his 3-pointer shot anymore

12. What are the 4 possible causes of slumps identified by Taylor? Briefly describe a specific sport example of each that is not in this chapter. - Some slumps may be caused by a physical factor, some may be because there has as been a change in the athlete’s technique, or inadequate mental preparation and some may be caused by a change in the equipment used. Example: A volleyball player has been in a serving slump; she can no longer serve during games. It could be a physical factor; her eyesight hasn’t been the greatest and has an eye test coming up soon. It could be a change in technique; her coach suggested that she try no longer bouncing the ball before her serve. It could also be a change in equipment; she had just gotten new shoes, perhaps they are a little bigger than she thought. And finally, it could be inadequate mental preparation; she has been stressed with school and has not been sleeping the hours she should be. 14. Using sport examples, explain how the quality of a behavior is no different from other behavioral dimensions such as form or frequency. - 16 . Briefly describe 4 strategies for monitoring target phases. 1. Direct observation of a single behavior: in some cases, a target behavior of an athlete is directly monitored by an observer. 2. Behavioral checklists to record multiple behaviors: in some cases, consultants or researchers have designed checklists that enable observers to easily monitor multiple behaviors of an individual. 3. Athlete self- monitoring: effective way to track the behavior of interest. 4. Videotaping of target behaviors: way to access strengths and weaknesses of their opponents. 19. List 5 reasons why behavior modifiers emphasize the importance of accurately monitoring target behaviors. 1. Records of a behavior on some occasions prior to the introduction of a treatment program may help a sports psychologist to identify the best treatment strategy. 2. Accurate records of a behavior provide means for clearly determining whether the treatment program has produced or is producing improvement.

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