4 Psychological Measurement Prep Sheet #5-1

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Prep Sheet #5 Psychological Measurement Chapter 4 Before you begin: 1. Download this file onto a secure drive (i.e., one that won’t crash). 2. Save the file. Complete assignment : 3. Read all instructions atop each section or item as you go. 4. Type your answers into colored spaces provided. Answer the following items based on the content of chapter 4, “Psychological Measurement”, from your textbook Research Methods in Psychology : https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/psychmethods4e/part/psychological-measurement/ . 1. Compare conceptual definitions to operational definitions . Give an example of each one using the same construct. Conceptual definition describes the behaviors and internal process that make up that construct, along with how it relates to other variables. Operational definition is a variable in terms of precisely how it can be measured. For example, if were trying to measure stress. A conceptual definition would describe what is meant by stress and what it looks like in operational definition it would describe how stress would be measured. 2. Describe three types of measures used in research . Self-report measures- are those in which participants report on their own thoughts, feelings, and actions, as with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Behavioral measures- are those in which some other aspect of participants behavior is observed and recorded. Physiological measures – are those that involve recording any wide variety of physiological processes, including heart rate and blood pressure, galvanic skin response, hormone levels, and electrical activity and blood flow in the brain. 3. Is it okay for researchers to use multiple measures for their constructs? Why or why not? Explain. It is okay for researchers to use multiple measures for their construct because they can be analyzed separately or combined to make a single-multiple item measure of that construct. Is also helpful to analyze the relationship between different variables in the construct. It can also provide more accurate information since there is multiple measures. 4. Practice: For each of the following variables, decide which level of measurement is being used (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). a) A university instructor measures the time it takes her students to finish an exam by looking through the stack of exams at the end. She assigns the one on the bottom a score of 1, the one on top of that a 2, and so on. b) A researcher accesses her participants’ medical records and counts the number of times they have seen a doctor in the past year. c) Participants in a research study are asked whether they are right-handed or left-handed. 1

a) ordinal b) ratio c) nominal 5. Compare/contrast validity and reliability . How are they different? Which one is harder to determine? Which one is measured/reported more often by researchers? Why? [Note: If you cannot find the answer verbatim in the textbook, think about the material and develop an answer. There is a logic to the answers. You also can consult other sources.] Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure and validity is the extent to which the scores from a measure represent the variable there are intended to. I believe that validity is harder to determine because even if it a great test- retest reliability it could have no validity. The one that is reported more often is validity because a measure can be extremely reliable but have no validity. After you finish : 1. Save your work (by clicking Save since you have the file already named). 2. Pay attention to where your document/work is saved. 3. Upload the document into the proper submission folder. See you in class! 2

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