3_2 Final Project Milestone One_Case Scenario 1

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1 3-2 Final Project Milestone One: Case Scenario 1 Jolene Whittom PSY-622: Assessment for Forensic Psychology Professor Sullivan-Ham October 8, 2023

2 Mental Health/Diminished Capacity Assessment Purpose of Referral: Diminished Capacity to Parent The mother, Ms. A was referred for a diminished capacity assessment to determine her capacity to reunify with her daughter. The mother has a history with Child Protective Services (CPS) of child neglect and abandonment. On January 1, 1999, the mothers first CPS case was for Child Abandonment; On June 2, 1999, CPS opened a case for Neglectful Supervision; On March 21, 2001, CPS opened a case for Child Injury; and on April 21, 2001, CPS opened a case for Child Neglectful Supervision, which resulted in the mothers’ parental rights being terminated. Presently, Ms. A is seeking the potential for family reunification with her 14-year-old daughter, and CPS has referred the mother for a psychological evaluation. Daubert standard The Daubert standard offers a systematic context for a trial justice to evaluate the reliability and significance of expert witness testimony prior to it being introduced to a jury by introducing a more extensive method that entails adjudicators to examine the expert witness's methods and rudimentary scientific principles; this judiciary shift was intended to prevent the admittance of pseudoscientific or unsubstantiated expert testament. Justices are now obliged to evaluate the approach and rationale behind an expert witness's assessments, instead of merely trusting the professional's accreditation or repute. The Daubert standard consists of a rubric that is organized into five differing components, the results are used to establish if the approach has validity and veridicality (Cappellino, 2023). The five components are whether the procedure(s) used in the assessment can be, or has been, validated; the identified and probable rate of error in these approaches; if the approaches have been peer reviewed by the expert's colleagues in their discipline; if there are standards that regulate the operation of the approached; and the

3 endorsement of the approaches implemented in the related scientific community (Cappellino, 2023). The case of the mother, Ms. A does employ the Daubert standard, and the assessment tool implemented in this assessment was the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). This tool is applied in clinical assessments, as the content is utilized for psychometric testing to measure adult psychopathology and is frequently utilized in the forensic psychology legal cases, like in a criminal defense or custody disagreements, and CPS cases, for example family reunification cases. The MMPI-2 test contains 567 true false self- report questions, was created with 10 clinical scales that measure 10 main groupings of abnormal human behavior, and four validity scales, which measure the persons overall test-taking disposition and whether they answered the items on the test in a truthful and accurate manner (Framingham, 2018). The 10 clinical scales for MMPI-2 comprises the following: Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Hysteria (Hy), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity/Femininity (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Pt), Schizophrenia (Sc), Hypomania (Ma), and Social Introversion (Si). The MMPI-2 also contains an added validity indicator, which assists in the exclusion of symptom embellishment, and it has a low false-positive rate. Interview Information The interview took approximately 90 minutes. Ms. A appeared oriented to time, appearance, and place. Her speech and tone were normal, and her affectivity was within standard parameters. Her thought processes were intact and logical with mild psychomotor retardation present during the interview. The interview contained questions regarding her legal, psychiatric, and medical history.

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4 Ms. A reported that she has a history with substance abuse, on February 1, 1988. she was convicted for drug possession and Ms. A admitted to having a chemical dependency to heroin and have used crack cocaine, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Ms. A’s last date of use was self- admitted to using crack cocaine 90 days ago. Ms. A reported she has not used drugs or alcohol in the last 6 months, which contradicts her self-report of using crack cocaine 90 days ago. The results from Ms. A’s MPPI-2 denotes her as having the following T scores: Infrequency scale (F)= 75, Lie (L)= 67, Correction (K)= 80, Hysteria (Hy)= 61, Depression (D)= 59, Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)= 70, Paranoia (Pa)= 64, Psychasthenia (Pt)= 55, Schizophrenia (Sc)= 68, Hypomania (Ma)=65, and Social Introversion (Si)= 58. Clinically significant elevation begins at a T-score of 65 or above. Out of 12 MMPI-2 scales, 6 scored above the T-score of 65. Ms. A's results had elevations in the following areas that should be addressed: her results on the Infrequency (F) scale demonstrates Ms. A is either attempting to have her symptoms appear worse than they are, or she is not fully comprehending the question when she is answering; the Lie (L) scale is considered the uncommon virtues/ validity scale, which detects an attempt by Ms. A to present herself in a favorable light; the Psychopathic Deviate (pd) score denotes Ms. A as being mutinous, a non-conformist, having familial difficulties, impulsivity issues, anger problems, irritability, and an inadequate employment history; the Schizophrenia (Sc) scale indicates that Ms. A experiences inexplicable thought progressions and irregular discernments, social estrangement, meager family relations, abnormal thinking, unconventional conducts; confusion, fearfulness, sadness; somatic grievances; and extreme daydreaming; and Hypomania (Ma) scale which indicates Ms. A having increased bouts of energy, deficits in following directions, conceptual ineptitude, idealistic self-assessment, reckless, and a demoted annoyance acceptance (Mihura, 2021).

5 Therapeutic Risk Typology After reviewing Ms. A's results, she is indicative of a type 2 therapeutic risk typology, or the Beta Risk typology. The Beta risk typology is indicated for Ms. A because she presents initially as committed to participate in the required and voluntary services, while also displaying occasional high deceptive ego-dystonic risk schemes that are unequivocally connected with an elevated likelihood for child negligent supervision and maltreatment, and substance relapse. Ms. A endured childhood trauma, wherein her parents were addicted to alcohol and/or drugs, which can affect her threat control levels and increase her risk for mental health disorders; she also presents with decreased emotional perception and self- reliance. Beta mothers are more inclined to be neglectful of their child(ren) and leave them with others, even inappropriate individuals, for extended periods, which is a result of poor emotional regulation. Beta mothers have higher percentages of having substance abuse disorders, leaving their children, making poor decisions, and have history of drug use. Most of those traits are what Ms. A has been displaying, which is why she is identified as the Beta Risk typology. Collateral Information It should also be noted that Ms. A self-reported she has a history of psychiatric and substance abuse. Additionally, Ms. A had a criminal conviction on July 8, 1989, where she was convicted for writing a fraudulent check, which resulted in her going to prison for two years. Ms. A is currently on disability for her mental and physical health conditions, and reports she is not presently in a relationship. Ms. A denied experiencing childhood abuse of family violence, and her highest level of education is the 8 th grade.

6 Recommendation At this time, it is the recommendation that for Ms. A to successfully reunify with her daughter, she needs the following services: to see a CPS approved psychiatrist to diagnose and treat her underlying mental health disorder(s), and to prescribe psychotropic medication(s) as needed. Ms. A should attend individual counseling to address her history of trauma, parenting education, be assessed for substance use disorder treatment, be referred for random drug screenings, and attend community-based support meetings. Ms. A needs to have a case plan established that includes these recommendations and a review of Ms. A’s participation and drug tests results should occur in six months to determine if family reunification is probable (Ostrow et al., 2021). This recommendation also includes allowing Ms. A and her daughter to have CPS supervised visitation of two hours, twice weekly. A reevaluation is recommended in six months. Ethical Guidelines The APA Code of Ethics Principals was adhered to during this interview and assessment. The Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence was maintained as no harm came to Ms. A during this interview, since Principle A centers on the well-being of the client; Principle E: Respect for People's Right and Dignity was maintained as Ms. A was treated fairly and respectfully, and had privacy, and confidentiality throughout the interview; Principle D: Justice was maintained as Ms. A was treated unbiasedly and impartially; Standard 2: Competence was adhered to as the forensic interviewer is academically and professionally experienced; and standard 9: Assessment because Ms. A provided informed consent (APA, 2017).

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7 References APA. (2017). APA ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ethics-code-2017.pdf Cappellino, A. (2023, February 2). The Daubert Standard: A Guide to Motions, Hearings, and Rulings. Expert Institute . https://www.expertinstitute.com/resources/insights/the-daubert- standard-a-guide-to-motions-hearings-and-rulings/ Mihura, Joni L. (2021). The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology Assessment, Oxford Academic 2nd edn . doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190092689.001.0001 Ostrow, L., Kaplan, K., Zisman-Ilani, Y., Brusilovskiy, E., Smith, C., & Salzer, M. S. (2021). Risk factors associated with child protective services involvement among parents with a serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 72 (4), 370–377. doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000036

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