REL200-Test4-StudyGuide
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REL 200: Religion, Race, Class, and Discrimination
Test #4 Study Guide
Native Americans
1. A college student claims “the Navajo have been using peyote for centuries.” Why is this
statement NOT accurate?
a. The Navajo (Diné) use mescaline, not peyote.
b. The Navajo have used peyote for millennia, not centuries.
c. No Navajo participate in peyote use because it has been banned by their tribe.
d. Peyotism did not become a pan-Indian practice until the nineteenth century.
2. The Native American Church . . .
a.
adopted Catholicism but selected its own pope.
b.
is a Christian church designed for Native Americans.
c.
was founded by Peyotists in order to protect their religious use of peyote.
d.
was founded by Mabel McKay and focused on healing the sick through singing.
3. True or False? The Native American Church encourages the consumption of peyote in sacred
rituals, but it discourages alcohol consumption.
4. Match the following with their descriptions:
●
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (ended the Dawes Act’s allotment system and
encouraged tribes to draft their own tribal constitutions and govern themselves)
●
Urban Relocation Program (1950s program that encouraged Native Americans to move
away from their tribes to big cities)
●
American Indian Religious Freedom Act (protects and preserves American Indians’
freedom “to believe, express, and exercise” their traditional religions)
●
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (requires federally-funded
institutions to return human remains of Native Americans and Native American artifacts to
their respective tribes upon request)
5. The occupation by the Indians of All Tribes of
what place
(with a closed federal prison) drew
national attention and brought in Native young people from across the country?
6. Why did Native Americans occupy Mount Rushmore in 1970 and again in 1971?
7. Members of what Native American organization played a major leadership role in the
Wounded Knee Occupation of 1973?
8. What religious or spiritual elements were evident during the Wounded Knee Occupation and
played a role in sustaining and encouraging the participants?
a.
Sweat lodges, the ghost dance, sacred drumming, and encounters with ancestral spirits
b.
Sweat lodges, the Eucharist, prayer vigils, and smoking peyote
c.
The Eucharist, prayer vigils, fasting, and encounters with ancestral spirits
d.
The ghost dance, sweat lodges, fasting, and smoking peyote
9. The Longest Walk (1978) was a march across the country that stood for many of the issues
important to the Red Power Movement. Which of the following was NOT an issue addressed by
the Red Power Movement?
a. Sovereignty (self-governance)
b. Indigenous peoples’ hunting and fishing rights
c. Broken treaties and loss of land
d. Preserving Native Americans’ religious teachings and practices
e. Eliminating Thanksgiving as a national holiday
10. True or False? One result of the Red Power movement was that a lot of Indigenous people
developed an interest in their traditional religions and practices.
11. What is the main reason the Sioux Nation has refused to accept the US government’s money
in payment for the Black Hills?
a.
It wasn’t enough money.
b.
The United States refused to admit that the Black Hills had been taken illegally.
c.
The Sioux (Lakota) want the Black Hills returned to them because the area is considered
sacred land.
d.
They are afraid the money will draw people away from Native traditions.
12. Which of the following has NOT been a 21st-century threat to the preservation of American
Indians’ religious traditions?
a.
Oil and gas pipelines
b.
Recreational activities like skiing and rock climbing
c.
Casinos and gaming operations
d.
Mining operations
13. Federal judges ruled that it did not burden the religious freedom of the Diné (Navajo) to
spray snow made from treated sewer water onto the San Francisco Peaks. What is one reason
why the judges did not support the religious claims of the Diné?
a. Diné religion is closely tied to physical places, but judges typically think about religion in
terms of scriptures and churches.
b. The judges denied that the Diné have religious rights.
c. The judges worried that stopping the artificial snow project would violate the
establishment clause.
d. The judges did not believe that a mountain can have a spiritual “inner form.”
14. The Snowbowl only occupies a tiny portion of the San Francisco Peaks. Why can’t the Diné
simply perform their ceremonies on a different part of the mountain?
a. The rest of the land on the mountain is owned by private citizens.
b. Annual Diné gatherings are so large, they require the entire mountain.
c. The Snowbowl was built over a Diné cemetery.
d. The Diné regard the mountain as a single, living entity, so snow made from wastewater
desecrates the entire mountain.
15. Why do some Native Americans criticize non-Native people’s interest in Native American
religions and spiritualities?
a. Non-Native people really just want to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
b. Non-Native people take practices out of their cultural and historical contexts.
c. Non-Native people often use Native Americans’ traditions to make a profit.
d. Both b and c are issues.
16. The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe built a place to help them reclaim the history, language,
and traditions of their people and to share them with the rest of the world. What is this place
called?
African Americans
1.
True or False? In 1966, a statement by a group of Black religious leaders affirmed the
concept of “Black power.”
2.
What two people and what Black movement influenced James Cone’s development of black
theology?
3.
What did James Cone emphasize when he first developed his black theology?
a.
how to get to heaven
b.
liberation and justice
c.
living clean, moral lives
d.
Black power and the right to self-defense
4.
Which book of the Bible is the most significant for black theology?
a.
Romans
b.
Judges
c.
Exodus
d.
Colossians
5.
How do womanist theologies differ from James Cone’s Black theology?
a.
They’re not concerned with classism.
b.
They focus on the oppression Black women experience.
c.
They’re not concerned with racism.
d.
They use African American spirituals as sources.
6.
What are the “triple evils” that womanist theologians have commonly addressed?
a.
racism, sexism, and communism
b.
racism, sexism, and classism
c.
sexism, pride, and materialism
d.
sexism, socialism, and low self-esteem
7.
What changes did W. D. Muhammad make when he took over leadership of the Nation of
Islam?
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8.
Who is currently the leader of the main Nation of Islam group?
a.
Wallace D. Mohammed II
b.
Louis Farrakhan
c.
Bilal Sayeed Oliver
d.
Noble Drew Ali
9.
Which branch of Islam do most African American Muslims currently associate with?
a.
Shi’a
b.
Sunni
c.
Nation of Islam
d.
Moorish Science Temple
10. What is a megachurch?
a.
an organization consisting of representatives of several Black churches
b.
a place of worship that has 8,000 square feet or more
c.
a Christian denomination with congregations in more than 30 countries
d.
a congregation with more than 2,000 members or weekly attendees
11. True or False? Most Black megachurches lack the racial consciousness and emphasis on
political action that characterized many Black churches of the civil rights era.
12. The prosperity gospel (or Word of Faith movement) teaches what?
a.
Someday, the poor will be rich and the rich will be poor.
b.
God wants you to be rich; wealth is a sign of divine favor.
c.
If the earth does not prosper, the people will perish.
d.
You must have many children to prosper in this life and the next.
13. Which of the following is a common criticism leveled against Black megachurch pastors who
preach the prosperity gospel?
a.
They’re not teaching people how to be saved and go to heaven.
b.
They’re teaching people to be selfish.
c.
They are preying on the poor and oppressed.
d.
They’re not emphasizing Black superiority.
14. True or False? Trinity United Church of Christ in Chicago is committed to liberation
theology and social justice.
15. True or False? In terms of religious affiliation, most African American Christians are
Baptists, Methodists, or Pentecostals.
Hispanic Americans
1. True or False? During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Mexican Americans and Anglos
often worshipped together in the same Catholic churches.
2. Why was Pentecostalism particularly attractive to Mexican Americans in the early 20th
century?
a. Mexicans have traditionally believed in spirit possession and experienced it as part of their
rituals.
b. Mexicans have traditionally held strong beliefs in and practiced spiritual healing.
c. Pentecostals included Mexican Americans in elaborate rituals like the ones they were used
to in Catholicism.
d. Pentecostal churches provided poor Mexican Americans with food, clothing, and jobs.
3. What is the name of the Mexican man who was responsible for converting tens of thousands
of Hispanics to Pentecostalism in the early 20th century?
4. True or False? The Chicano Movement encouraged Mexican Americans to embrace their
Spanish, Indigenous, and African roots.
5. The Chicano Movement drew upon Aztecan myths like that of Aztlán to affirm Chicanos’
cultural identity. What was Aztlán to Chicanos?
6. Which of the following is NOT true about Reies López Tijerina?
a. He was a Pentecostal minister for a time.
b. He organized Chicanos in order to demand the return of land granted to Mexicans and
taken away from them by Anglos following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
c. He advocated nonviolent resistance as taught by Martin Luther King Jr.
d. His research convinced him that the Catholic Church had authority over Spanish land
grants.
7. What did the Bracero Program do?
a.
brought Mexican laborers to the United States to work legally in this country
b.
rounded up Mexicans who overstayed their visas and deported them
c.
put Hispanic prisoners in chain gangs to do hard labor
d.
taught Hispanics how to lead worship services and perform funerals
8. How did Father Donald McDonnell influence César Chávez?
a. He introduced him to Catholic social teachings and encouraged him to read a biography of
Gandhi.
b. He taught him the philosophy of Marxism and the basics of liberation theology.
c. He took Chávez into the inner city to learn what life was like for Hispanics there.
d. He taught Chávez how to save and invest his money so he could support migrant farm
laborers when they went on strike.
9. Which of the following is NOT true about César Chávez?
a. He found support and inspiration for nonviolent activism in Jesus’s teachings and early
Christian history.
b. He engaged in hunger strikes in order to achieve political aims.
c. He had labored as a migrant farm worker as a teenager.
d. He worked with both Protestant and Catholic ministers and leaders.
10. True or False? César Chávez believed farmworkers had suffered so much that they should
not
have to make sacrifices to get justice.
11. Which one of the following was NOT a religious component of the California farmworkers’
strikes of the 1960s?
a. a banner of Our Lady of Guadalupe
b. Sweat lodges
c. Fasting
d. Catholic masses
12. True or False? The Chicano Movement inspired many Hispanic priests and nuns to become
more politically, civically, and socially involved on behalf of Hispanic communities.
13. How did the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) impact Hispanic Catholics?
a.
It ensured they did not have any Spanish-speaking priests.
b.
It kicked the Penitentes out of the church (excommunicated them).
c.
It brought about Masses in Spanish and more respect for Hispanics’ traditions.
d.
It created the Mexican American Cultural Center.
14. Virgilio Elizondo defined mestizaje as . . .
a.
the mixture of the divine and the human in Jesus.
b.
the separation of Hispanics from the rest of US society.
c.
the biological and cultural mixing of totally different groups of people.
d.
the process by which the Virgin Mary became the Virgin of Guadalupe for Hispanics.
15. Virgilio Elizondo’s theology of mestizaje includes all of the following EXCEPT . . .
a.
attention to the similarities between Jesus and Hispanics living in the United States.
b.
the role of Hispanics in God’s historical aim (or goal) for humanity.
c.
the interdependency of humans and the natural world.
d.
division and separation as sins of the world.
16. What did Virgilio Elizondo mean when he said, “The future is mestizo”?
a. He envisions a future where different peoples live together in unity, and individual cultures
are recognized and honored.
b. Jesus will return to earth in the physical body of a Hispanic person.
c. In the future, everyone will be a mixture of races.
d. One day, mestizo Hispanics will have the greatest political power in the United States.
17. The Sanctuary Movement does which of the following?
a. engages in evangelical work in poor communities to bring people into the church
b. provides support and places to live for people in the US facing deportation
c. builds Catholic churches for poor Hispanic communities
d. provides social assistance programs for recent legal immigrants
18. Which of the following religious teachings is often given as a reason for churches to provide
sanctuary?
a. God’s preferential option for the poor
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b. Biblical admonitions to welcome the stranger
c. Jesus’s teaching to make disciples of all people
d. Jesus’s teaching to build your house upon a rock
19. What is Posada Sin Fronteras?
20. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of Hispanic people’s worship?
a.
Men and women sit on separate sides of the church.
b.
It’s festive.
c.
People are physically expressive.
d.
It engages the senses of sight and smell as well as hearing.
21. Most Christian Hispanics are members of what branch of Christianity? What branch of
Christianity is increasingly popular among Hispanics?