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Dec 6, 2023

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Hello Tina, Thank you for outlining the definitions of each concept, describing the relationships between the concepts, and providing biblical scripture to support. I thought it was unique that you included adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in your post because the Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development explains the systemic influences on an individual’s life. According to Levers (2023), the child is influenced by environmental factors as well as genetic predispositions, and the risk and protective factors are determined by ongoing reciprocal interactions within the environment. What particularly fascinated me was how trauma can change the brain and how trauma may be seen in scans of the brain. The vagus nerve possesses significant effects on our reactions to, experiences with, and processing of stress, anxiety, and trauma (Levers, 2023). Also, the fact that adults with behavioral, social, and environmental problems are more likely to be re-victimized is an additional fascinating discovery (Biere & Scott, 2015). Similarly, one key finding from research states that multiple investigations have suggested that adult victimization may occur in as many as 24% to 90% of those who undergo multiple forms of maltreatment (Walker & Wamser-Nanney, 2023). Also, maltreated children are more vulnerable to victimization in later developmental stages (such as adolescence and adulthood), including adult sexual abuse and intimate partner violence (Walker & Wamser-Nanney, 2023). I am aware that you mentioned cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and exposure therapy in conjunction with medication are useful in treating individuals experiencing traumatic stress. However, sadly, challenges to receiving the care trauma survivors may require to heal from their experiences may prevent them from doing so. Proverbs 3:5-6 (KJV) states “Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.” References Briere, J. & Scott, C. (2015). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment (2nd ed.). CA: Sage Publications. King James Version. (1987). Bible Gateway . https://www.biblegateway.com/ Walker, H. E., & Wamser-Nanney, R. (2023). Revictimization Risk Factors Following Childhood Maltreatment: A Literature Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24 (4), 2319-2332. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221093692
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