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Ashford University - California *

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609

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Question 1 1/1pts Why are cofounders important to consider in research? (There may be more than one answer that is applicable) Can erroneously inflate or deflate the strength of association between exposure and outcome Interferes with determining causality Can bias study findings Can be controlled for or prevented if investigator plans and addresses its possibility in advance Can affect the exposure, independent of the outcome Question 2 1/1pts Diffusion of Innovation identifies people’s readiness to accept an innovation. An early adopter is: First to adopt Interested, but does not want to adopt first Open to accepting innovations once others they respect have done so Skeptical and late to adopt

Question 3 0/ 1pts List five defining characteristics of evidence-based public health. (There may be more than one answer that is applicable) Evaluating needs for new or improved programs or practices Tracking down the best available evidence on programs and practices that potentially meet the needs Collecting the best available information on appropriate programs and practices Selecting programs and practices that fit together with community and population needs and values Evaluatin the impact on health and well-being from putting the ed programs into practice All are defining characteristics of evidence-based public health

Question 4 1/1pts Determine which source(s) is/are appropriate to consider when conducting a scholarly literature review for a research study. (There may be more than one answer that is applicable) Technical report from Harvard University Local newspaper article Peer-reviewed journal article Governmental report Social media All are equally rigorous sources ; Question 5 s | One of the main goals for conducting causal research is to be able to generalize the results to the larger population (beyond the sample in the study). True False

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Question 6 1/1pts Which of the following concepts are essential to Social Cognitive Theory? Behavioral capacity Expectations Self-efficacy Observational learning All the above

m Question 7 0.75/ 1 pts Select which criterion/criteria is/are relevant for determining causality in a research study. (There may be more than one answer that is applicable) Health outcome precedes exposure Similar results that consistently appear across multiple studies Strength of the association should be high between the exposure and health outcome Demonstrated dose-response trend, where increased exposure supports a trend in one direction (either increase or decrease) in a certain health outcome Ability of investigator to manipulate exposure and observe how the outcome is affected in a scientific experiment/study

Question 8 1/1pts Confounding can be controlled for or prevented at all stages of a research study. True The answer can be found in the Fink (2015, December 23) Chapter 4 text: The Problem of Incomparable Participants: Statistical Methods to the Rescue Which source(s) is/are considered peer-reviewed? (There may be more than one answer that is applicable) Policy Newsweek magazi Monthly newsletter of the American Lung Associatio Award-winning biography about Bill Clinton The answer can be found in the Fink (2015, December 23) Chapter 3 text: The Evidence and the Research Literature

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Question 10 1/1pts Identify the correct type of literature review this statement best matches - It involves in-depth review of the literature to address a specific research question: (Choose only one response) Qualitative review hematic review The answer can be found in the Fink (2015, December 23) Chapter 3 text: The Evidence and the Research Literature

Question 11 1/1pts The research process is based on the scientific method. True The answer can be found in the Fink (2015, December 23) Chapter 1 text: Evaluation Researchers Question 12 1/1pts Statistical interaction, also known as effect modification, affects the magnitude and/or direction of the relationship between the exposure and outcome. This differs between categories/levels of a third variable. True The answer can be found in the Bailey and Handu (2013) Chapter 2 text: https:/www.google.com/books/edition/Introduction_to_Epidemiologic_Research_M/é6cEUW hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover False

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