Week 8 Assignment

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American Military University *

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EDMG502

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Week 8 Assignment Therien 1 Week 8 Assignment Marissa Therien American Military University EDMG502 December 31 st , 2023

Week 8 Assignment Therien 2 From the textbook, “Natural Hazards, Unnatural Disasters: The Economics of Effective Prevention” this paper will analyze topics in detailed analysis. Throughout this paper topics such as hazard clustering, insurance and government involvement, personal preparedness and the dangers of cities will be examined. The beginning of the text focuses on prevention of loss of live and destruction of property due to natural disasters and unnatural disasters. This source also examines outside research and prevention methods. Throughout the beginning of the World Bank Document (WBD), the four main findings often pertain to cities and how they are inherently dangerous, but in a unique way. From the text, the four main findings include; First, a disaster exposes the cumulative implications of many earlier decisions, some taken individually, others collectively, and a few by default. Second, prevention is often possible and cost-effective. Third, many measures—private and public—must work well together for effective prevention. Fourth, the exposure to hazards will rise in cities, but greater exposure need not increase vulnerability (pgs.1-2) The fourth main finding touches on the topic of cities and their inherently dangerous nature and displays the idea that by 2050 populations in cities will double due to natural disaster such as cyclones and earthquakes pushing people further into the cities. The text goes on to explain that vulnerability should not be a rising issue if the additional populations are managed well, however, if one were to look at a modern city during the COVID-19 pandemic disaster, one might see how hard management of a hazard in a city already is before doubling the population. Different parts of the world are subject to different and varying disasters, such as earthquakes and volcanoes (geophysical hazards) tend to cluster along fault boundaries characterized by mountainous terrain. Floods, cyclones, and landslides (hydrometeorological hazards) affect the

Week 8 Assignment Therien 3 eastern coastal regions of the major continents as well as some interior regions of North and South America, Europe, and Asia . (pg. 32). Hazard clustering such as these demonstrated by the text can have a higher rate of casualties and environmental damage due to the denser populations in areas of East and South Asia where hazard clustering is more prevalent due to the natural environment. Natural disasters do not care for income, and often middle-income countries are the most vulnerable – however it is believed that richer counties who are able to rebuild and support their own disaster efforts do not accurately report all hazards and disasters. “ Economists typically use individuals’ incomes or a nation’s output to measure prosperity. Income—or output—is surely an important but imperfect determinant of welfare .” (pg 41). When examining disaster recovery, countries with more economic preparedness or ability to spend can be seen to put their country and communities back to normal faster. The economy of a county is also affected in a disaster as to what the country can still produce and export to further their economy in a disaster. An example of this is the most recent hurricanes across Puerto Rico causing a shut down of the Bacardi rum factory – this negatively affected the economy, the work pool, and the ability of the factory to convert their equipment to make potable water ready in a disaster. While Bacardi had other undamaged factories to use, the economic loss during the time their equipment was damaged goes beyond the company and overall affects the territories economy. However, Puerto Rico is lucky to have the support of the United States, which generally speeds up the recovery process as a US territory with appropriate post-disaster funding and infrastructure. Poorer counties such as those across southeast Asia and other surrounding areas often do not have large government funding available to them and are stuck at an alarming slow rate of reverting back to pre-disaster status. A great example of this is the Russian-Ukrainian war; Russian is largely government funded and is

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