ASM 201_ Module 7 Assignment-And the Band Played On

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Arizona State University *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Assignment 3: Outbreak Investigation Name: Jake Brasil 1. Identify and describe three methods that the researchers used to identify potential cases. This section should be about 100-200 words. While watching the movie there were multiple ways that the researchers were able to identify potential cases during the outbreak. Some of those ways consisted of talking with doctors from different areas and gathering the information they had on the sickness. Another way was speaking with the sick patients and figuring out who they have been around and what they were doing prior to them becoming sick. They also asked questions about their relationship and their sexual status, their diet, and even their workplace. Lastly, they visited states that had experienced previous outbreaks as a way to see what happened and how they handled it. 2. Discuss the descriptive epidemiology approach used to describe and orient the data. In other words, who is affected, where were they affected and when were they affected (person, place, and time)? How did the results from the descriptive epidemiology lead to a hypothesis that could be tested using analytical epidemiology? This section should be about 100-200 words. The descriptive epidemiology approach the doctors used when describing and orienting the data was the use of categories. This means finding who is being affected, where they were being affected, and when they were affected. The who would be males that are gay and having a sexual relationship with other men. The where would be the places where activities like this would be happening; they went and investigated places like bathhouses as these have a high concentration for sexual activities. And lastly, the time would be when these men were having this type of intercourse and when they were seeing symptoms pop up leading to them being put into the hospital. This led to a hypothesis being made that this outbreak is occurring only in gay males who are sexually active with one another. However, was very hard to prove as they were still unsure what was causing the disease in the first place. 3. Identify and describe the type of analytical study used by the researchers to evaluate their initial hypothesis. This section should be about 50-100 words. The type of analytical study used by the researchers and doctors to evaluate their initial hypothesis was a case-control study. This study consisted of using mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, and monkeys they injected samples into the animals however, nothing came back in terms of parasites, viruses, or fungus. The only thing they do know is it's an unknown organism that could have multiple or even just 1 part of it that is causing the infection. 4. Knowing what you do about the principles of infectious disease epidemiology, what makes HIV so difficult to contain? This section should be about 50-100 words.

HIV is so difficult to contain because of the way it spreads in the first place. The researchers have reason to believe that it is a sexually transmitted disease and many of the cases are related to coming from intercourse in bathhouses. However, they do not have the power to shut down the bathhouses and the owners are not in favor of this idea either. Therefore trying to put a halt to the disease is very hard as some are unaware they have the disease and are continuing to spread it through the bathhouses. 5. In a pivotal scene in the movie, the CDC convenes a public meeting to discuss the need to screen the blood supply. At the time of this meeting, what epidemiological evidence did the CDC have that supported the hypothesis that the disease is transmitted through blood? Please list at least TWO sources of evidence. This section should be about 100-200 words. At the time of the meeting, the epidemiological evidence the CDC had supported the hypothesis that the disease is transmitted through blood because of a patient who received a blood transfusion and just a few weeks later came down with the disease. The researchers and doctors also conducted an experiment of taking blood samples from those who do and don’t have it and found an 88% effective rate for testing for the disease. They also met with a newborn parent who received blood from a donor and the baby was born with the disease and further proving the disease could have been spread through blood. Because of this, they made guidelines for donors to try and stop the donor blood from continuing to be infected. However, this caused backlash and didn’t go as planned. But once testing for Hep B it was a 88% effective rate for testing for the disease. 6. Describe some of the social, political and cultural issues that hindered the outbreak investigation. You should talk about the realistic or non-realistic responses depicted, and what kind of impacts each issue had on the investigation. You may draw on the readings and lectures to support your points. This section should be about 200 words. During the outbreak, there were many issues that hindered the investigation. Firstly was a political issue. At this time around the 1970s and the 1980s, the idea of being gay was not very accepted. Because of this many political figures did not want to be involved with the social changes that would come from supporting this disease investigation. A second issue was how the gay community was reacting to the disease and what the CDC and other health officials were saying to stop the disease from spreading. Once they had found out it was commonly spread through bathhouses the CDC reached out to the director of public to try and close down bathhouses for the time being. However, once again he did not want to be involved simply because of the way he would be looked at politically going forward. In other words, he was afraid of losing his popularity or even his job if he stood up to the idea of closing gay

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